Jurisprudencia de la CSJN: «Recurso de hecho deducido por Aguas Bonaerenses S.A. en la causa Kersich, Juan Gabriel y otros c/ Aguas Bonaerenses S.A. y otros s/amparo» (2/12/14)

El pasado 2 de diciembre de 2014, en ocasión de dictar sentencia en la causa de la referencia, la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación dispuso dejar sin efecto la sentencia dictada por la Cámara de Apelaciones en lo Contencioso Administrativo de La Plata, en cuanto confirmó el pronunciamiento de primera instancia, apelado por la empresa Aguas Bonaerenses S.A. Por dicho pronunciamiento se había hecho lugar al recurso de amparo interpuesto contra la mencionada firma por un grupo de 25 vecinos de la ciudad de 9 de Julio, Provincia de Buenos Aires.

Antecedentes:

Mediante la demanda interpuesta en primera instancia, los accionantes solicitaron que dicha empresa: a) comience a realizar los trabajos necesarios a fin de adecuar la calidad y potabilidad del agua de uso domiciliario, según los parámetros establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en coincidencia con la norma del artículo 982 del Código Alimentario Argentino; b) determine el plazo de efectiva adecuación de un proyecto específico con plazos concretos de realización, como también de su posterior implementación. La pretensión se fundó en que el agua provista por la empresa prestataria del servicio contendría niveles de arsénico superiores a los permitidos. Asimismo, dirigieron la reclamación contra la Provincia de Buenos Aires en su calidad de titular del dominio acuífero cuya preservación es responsabilidad de la empresa prestataria del servicio, y con fuente en la obligación del Estado local de conservar los recursos naturales según lo dispone la Constitución local.

Luego de citar a la demandada a estar a derecho, el juez de primera instancia hizo lugar a la medida cautelar solicitada por los actores y, en consecuencia, ordenó a la demandada a suministrar a cada uno de los actores agua potable en bidones en la cantidad necesaria para satisfacer las necesidades básicas de consumo, higiene personal, limpieza y cocción de alimentos. Además, dispuso la prohibición del consumo de agua de la red domiciliaria provista por la demandada y le ordenó la realización en forma mensual de análisis del agua que distribuye en por lo menos diez domicilios del partido de 9 de Julio.

Con posterioridad a ello, el magistrado aceptó la adhesión de 2641 personas en condición de nuevos actores, respecto de quienes hizo extensiva la medida cautelar y ordenó a la demandada acompañar, con relación a todos ellos, el informe de rigor en el plazo de diez días.

Disconforme con tal decisorio (luego apelado por la Cámara), la demandada interpuso recurso de apelación.

Frente a la sentencia dictada por la Que dicho pronunciamiento fue impugnado por la Cámara de Apelaciones en lo Contencioso Administrativo de La Plata -también desfavorable para la demandada-, la vencida interpuso recurso de inaplicabilidad de ley que, declarado inadmisible, dio lugar al recurso de queja que la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Provincia de Buenos Aires desestimó con sustento en que la resolución impugnada no revestía carácter definitivo a los fines del remedio procesal intentado.

Contra dicha decisión denegatoria Aguas Bonaerenses S.A. interpuso el recurso extraordinario federal, cuya denegación dio origen a la presentación directa en examen.

Fundamentos de la CSJN:

La Corte preliminarmente indicó que “los jueces de la causa no aplicaron las reglas del proceso colectivo previsto en el articulo 43 de la Constitución Nacional, cuyas características principales y modalidades fueron enunciadas por esta Corte Suprema en el caso «Halabi» (Fallos: 332:111) y mantenidas consistentemente en los casos CSJ 361/2007 (43-P)»PADEC c/ Swiss Medical S.A.», del 21 de agosto de 2013; CSJ 2/2009 (45-U) «Unión de Usuarios y Consumidores c/ Telefónica Comunicaciones Personales S.A. ley 24.240 y otro s/ amp. proc. sumarisimo (artículo 321, inc. 2°, C.P.C. y C.)», sentencia del 6 de marzo de 2014; CSJ 519/2012 (48-C) «Consumidores Financieros Asociación Civil p/ su defensa c/ La Meridional Compañia Argentina de Seguros S.A s/ ordinario» y CSJ 1074/2010 (46-C) «Consumidores Financieros Asoc. Civil para su defensa c/ Banco Itaú Buen Ayre Argentina SA s / ordinario», sentencia del 24 de junio de 2014; CSJ 1145/2013 (49-M) «Municipalidad de Berazategui c/ Cablevisión S.A. s/ amparo», sentencia del 23 de septiembre de 2014 y acordada 32/2014) ”.

“Esta deficiencia se patentiza cuando el juez de primera instancia, pese a calificar al presente como amparo colectivo, recurrió a reglas procesales incompatibles con ese tipo de proceso, soslayando las consecuencias negativas que tal temperamento ocasionaría en el normal trámite de la causa…”. Y luego de recordar que los jueces deben buscar soluciones procesales que impliquen utilizar las vías más expeditivas a fin de evitar la frustración de derechos fundamentales, destacó que en el caso claramente “existe la necesidad de una tutela judicial urgente, en la medida que está en juego el derecho humano de acceso al agua potable, la salud y la vida de una gran cantidad de personas y al mismo tiempo existe una demora de la demandada en la solución definitiva de esta situación”.

“Que asiste razón a la demandada cuando invoca la violación del derecho de defensa, no solo por la carga que se le impusiera, sino también por el cambio sorpresivo de reglas. Las partes deben conocer de antemano las reglas de juego del proceso a las que atenerse, tendientes a afianzar la seguridad jurídica y a evitar situaciones potencialmente frustratorias de derechos constitucionales… El proceso judicial no puede ser un «juego de sorpresas» que desconoce el principio cardinal de buena fe que debe imperar en las relaciones jurídicas”.

“Por ello, en el caso, los jueces provinciales no pudieron integrar, de manera intempestiva y sorpresiva, a un número exorbitante de coactores al amparo colectivo ambiental, sino que debieron .arbitrar los medios procesales necesarios que, garantizando adecuadamente la defensa en juicio del demandado, permitieran que las decisiones adoptadas en el marco del presente proceso alcancen a la totalidad del colectivo involucrado, sin necesidad de que sus integrantes deban presentarse individualmente en la causa, medida que claramente desvirtúa la esencia misma de este tipo de acciones”.

Por otro lado indica que “En el campo de los derechos de incidencia colectiva, es fundamental la protección del agua para que la naturaleza mantenga su funcionamiento como sistema y su capacidad de resiliencia”, y luego de hacer una breve reseña de los diversos instrumentos internacionales en los que se menciona la tutela del derecho al agua potable, señala que “En el caso resulta de fundamental importancia el derecho de acceso al agua potable y la aplicación del principio de prevención y, aun en la duda técnica, del principio precautorio, como sustento de ese derecho”.

Considera que “el examen de los recaudos de admisibilidad de la instancia recursiva local, se llevó a cabo con un injustificado rigor formal que concluyó con la arbitraria cancelación de la vía revisora de que se trata, omitiendo con este modo de resolver el tratamiento de una cuestión federal oportunamente articulada, con la consecuente frustración de los derechos comprometidos en dicho planteo tal como el derecho humano al agua… y, a la par, con evidente menoscabo de la garantía de defensa en juicio que asiste al recurrente”.

Ello así, por los fundamentos esgrimidos, resolvió hacer lugar a la queja, declarar procedente el recurso extraordinario y dejar sin efecto la sentencia apelada, con costas (artículo 68 del Código Procesal Civil y Comercial de la Nación). Asimismo, ordenó que “Vuelvan los autos al tribunal de origen a fin de que, por quien corresponda, se dicte un nuevo pronunciamiento con arreglo al presente en carácter de urgente. No obstante, estando en juego el derecho humano al agua potable deberá mantenerse la cautelar dispuesta por el tribunal de origen, con base en los principios de prevención y precautorio, hasta tanto se cumpla con lo ordenado”.

Ver fallo completo

36 comentarios de “Jurisprudencia de la CSJN: «Recurso de hecho deducido por Aguas Bonaerenses S.A. en la causa Kersich, Juan Gabriel y otros c/ Aguas Bonaerenses S.A. y otros s/amparo» (2/12/14)

  1. I just want to tell you that I am just all new to weblog and seriously savored you’re web page. Most likely I’m likely to bookmark your website . You surely come with fabulous writings. Thank you for sharing your website.

  2. Thank you for the article. I’ve truly thought about it before but never wanted to do anything about it. I do think because of my lack of complete understanding. Each day, however, I’m noticing more and more people getting frustrated because they think it is very complicated to understand. Exactly what really encouraged me personally again, however, seemed to be your rationale men and women would like to discuss the situation once they see their own friends commenting on the same thing. That is just how knowledge increases.

  3. Fingers down, Apple’s app retail outlet wins by a mile. It is really a substantial preference of all forms of programs vs a in its place disappointed preference of a handful for Zune. Microsoft has applications, primarily inside the realm of game titles, however I’m not indeed I might require towards bet upon the long term if this attribute is vital towards you. The iPod is a significantly greater determination in just that case.

  4. Can I simply say what a relief to discover someone that really knows what they are talking about online. You definitely realize how to bring a problem to light and make it important. More people should look at this and understand this side of the story. I was surprised that you’re not more popular because you definitely possess the gift.

  5. Thank you for some other great post. Where else could anybody get that type of info in such a perfect method of writing? I’ve a presentation subsequent week, and I’m on the search for such information.

  6. Sorry for the large research, yet I am extremely loving the fresh Zune, and be expecting this, as well as the perfect critiques some other humans contain published, will support you make your mind up if it is really the immediately preference for your self.

  7. My developer is trying to persuade me to move to .net from PHP. I have always disliked the idea because of the costs. But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using WordPress on several websites for about a year and am worried about switching to another platform. I have heard very good things about blogengine.net. Is there a way I can transfer all my wordpress content into it? Any kind of help would be greatly appreciated!

  8. I was just searching for this information for some time. After 6 hours of continuous Googleing, finally I got it in your website. I wonder what’s the lack of Google strategy that do not rank this kind of informative web sites in top of the list. Usually the top sites are full of garbage.

  9. If you happen to be continue to upon the fence: seize your favorite earphones, brain down toward a Least difficult Acquire and ask in direction of plug them into a Zune then an iPod and view which one seems superior in direction of on your own, and which interface can make you smile additional. Then you can comprehend which is instantly for on your own.

  10. Arms down, Apple’s app retailer wins by means of a mile. It’s a significant range of all kinds of purposes vs a very not happy preference of a handful for Zune. Microsoft includes courses, specially inside the realm of video games, yet I am not confident I would require in the direction of bet on the potential if this element is vital toward you. The iPod is a much much better selection in that scenario.

  11. Thank you for posting this awesome article. I’m a long time reader but I’ve never been compelled to leave a comment. I subscribed to your blog and shared this on my Twitter. Thanks again for a great post!

  12. Thank you for posting this awesome article. I’m a long time reader but I’ve never been compelled to leave a comment. I subscribed to your blog and shared this on my Twitter. Thanks again for a great post!

  13. Apple previously incorporates Rhapsody as an application, which is a excellent get started, but it is by now hampered by means of the lack of ability toward shop regionally upon your iPod, and is made up of a dismal 64kbps little bit rate. If this improvements, then it will fairly negate this comfort for the Zune, nonetheless the 10 audio per thirty day period will nonetheless be a big as well as within Zune Pass’ want.

  14. Sorry for the enormous assessment, but I am very loving the new Zune, and hope this, as well as the Wonderful assessments some other folks consist of written, will assist yourself choose if it can be the instantly preference for by yourself.

  15. The Zune concentrates on getting a Transportable Media Player. Not a net browser. Not a recreation machine. Perhaps within just the future it will do even far better within just all those areas, yet for at this time it can be a Good direction toward set up and hear in the direction of your music and movies, and is without peer in that respect. The iPod’s positive aspects are its website checking out and applications. If people good a lot more powerful, possibly it is your simplest selection.

  16. Amongst me and my spouse we have owned further more MP3 players above the a long time than I can depend, which include Sansas, iRivers, iPods (classic & touch), the Ibiza Rhapsody, and many others. But, the last number of many years I have resolved down in the direction of a person line of players. Why? Considering the fact that I was pleased in direction of investigate how well-designed and exciting toward employ the service of the underappreciated (and commonly mocked) Zunes are.

  17. I will products this analyze in the direction of Two models of people in america: present Zune householders who are considering an improve, and men and women attempting in the direction of determine in between a Zune and an iPod. (There are other gamers well worth thinking about out there, together with the Sony Walkman X, still I count on this gives you plenty of facts toward make an mindful preference of the Zune vs avid gamers other than the iPod line as effectively.)

  18. The Zune concentrates on staying a Moveable Media Player. Not a website browser. Not a recreation machine. Perhaps in the long term it’s going to do even far better in those people areas, nevertheless for at the moment it truly is a extraordinary route in the direction of prepare and pay attention in direction of your music and films, and is without the need of peer in just that respect. The iPod’s strengths are its internet going to and programs. If those reliable further more compelling, potentially it is your least complicated choice.

  19. The fresh Zune browser is astonishingly beneficial, but not as Terrific as the iPod’s. It will work properly, still isn’t as immediate as Safari, and consists of a clunkier interface. If your self from time to time program upon working with the net browser that is not an issue, still if you might be creating in direction of read through the net alot from your PMP then the iPod’s much larger display and much better browser could possibly be significant.

  20. Hands down, Apple’s app retail outlet wins via a mile. It really is a large conclusion of all sorts of programs vs a quite disappointed alternative of a handful for Zune. Microsoft includes applications, specially within just the realm of video games, nonetheless I am not positive I’d have to have to guess upon the long term if this portion is sizeable in the direction of yourself. The iPod is a a lot improved final decision within that scenario.

  21. I am going to gear this examine in the direction of 2 styles of These: present-day Zune owners who are looking at an upgrade, and people in america seeking towards choose amongst a Zune and an iPod. (There are other players really worth thinking about out there, including the Sony Walkman X, still I anticipate this delivers oneself ample data in direction of produce an informed preference of the Zune vs gamers other than the iPod line as well.)

  22. I really like your writing style, superb information, thank you for putting up :D. «Freedom is the emancipation from the arbitrary rule of other men.» by Mortimer Adler.

  23. If you might be still upon the fence: grab your favorite earphones, mind down to a Perfect Acquire and check with to plug them into a Zune then an iPod and check out which just one appears greater towards you, and which interface makes by yourself smile much more. Then you are going to notice which is straight for oneself.

  24. It’s truly a nice and helpful piece of info. I’m glad that you shared this useful information with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.

  25. I do accept as true with all of the ideas you have presented on your post. They’re really convincing and can certainly work. Nonetheless, the posts are very brief for novices. May just you please extend them a bit from subsequent time? Thanks for the post.

  26. Palms down, Apple’s application retailer wins via a mile. It is really a large conclusion of all sorts of apps vs a instead unsatisfied range of a handful for Zune. Microsoft consists of Options, in particular within the realm of online games, nevertheless I’m not certainly I might want towards bet upon the long term if this element is significant towards your self. The iPod is a a lot much better decision within just that case.

  27. Wow, fantastic blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you make blogging look easy. The overall look of your website is great, let alone the content!

  28. I simply wanted to thank you so much once more. I’m not certain the things that I would have tried without these ideas provided by you directly on this concern. It truly was a hard matter in my view, however , seeing a skilled avenue you handled that forced me to jump with gladness. I’m happier for your assistance and in addition hope that you find out what a powerful job you’re doing educating many others via your site. I am sure you’ve never met all of us.

  29. I have been absent for some time, but now I remember why I used to love this blog. Thank you, I will try and check back more frequently. How frequently you update your web site?

  30. Hello There. I found your blog using msn. This is a really well written article. I will be sure to bookmark it and return to read more of your useful information. Thanks for the post. I will definitely return.

  31. You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this matter to be actually something which I think I would never understand. It seems too complex and extremely broad for me. I’m looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang of it!

  32. Howdy there, just got mindful of your writings through Bing, and realized that it’s very helpful. I’ll be grateful for should you decide maintain this informative article.

  33. Sorry for the significant evaluate, nonetheless I’m exceptionally loving the new Zune, and be expecting this, as nicely as the very good opinions some other americans include written, will help you decide if it’s the immediately decision for yourself.

Los comentarios han sido cerrados.