Colegio Publico de Abogados de Capital Federal s/Ejercicio de la Abogacía – Ley Nº 23187, Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Contencioso Administrativo Federal – Sala I, 14-04-2016.
La Sala I de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Contencioso Administrativo Federal confirmó una multa como sanción a una abogada que no inició en tiempo oportuno una demanda de su cliente. El fundamento del decisorio radica en la consideración de que el abogado que compromete sus servicios profesionales debe defender los derechos del cliente, no sólo para salvaguardar su responsabilidad legal y ética sino, especialmente, para no dejar desatendido a quien acudió en busca de una asistencia profesional.
Texto completo del fallo
Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Contencioso Administrativo Federal – Sala I, 14 de abril de 2016.
Y VISTOS; CONSIDERANDO:
I.- Que la presente causa disciplinaria nº 28.142 del Colegio Público de Abogados de la Capital Federal, tuvo su origen en la denuncia realizada por el señor C.D.P. contra la doctora E.E.G.P..
II.- Que la Sala II del Tribunal de Disciplina resolvió, por sentencia Nº 5626 del 17 de septiembre de 2015, sancionar a la doctora E.E.G.P. con una multa de pesos dos mil quinientos ($ 2.500) de acuerdo a lo normado por el art. 45 inciso c) de la Ley Nº 23.187, en el entendimiento de que infringió las disposiciones contempladas en los arts. 6 inciso e) y 44 incisos d), e), g) y h) de la Ley Nº 23.187 y los arts. 10 inciso a) y 19 incisos a) y f) del Código de Ética, vulnerando el deber de fidelidad a su cliente, de conformidad con las previsiones de los arts. 26 inciso b) y 28 inciso b) del Código de Ética. Para así decir tuvo en cuenta haber retenido la documentación de su cliente y no haber dado inicio al juicio de daños (fs. 73).
III.- Que contra dicha decisión la doctora P. interpuso recurso de apelación (fs. 81/201985 y vta.) que fue contestado a fs. 104/20114.
Los agravios son los siguientes:
a. arbitrariedad en la resolución del tribunal al omitir los principios constitutivos del proceso disciplinario y de ética profesional.
b.violación de la garantía de defensa, la sanción fue por un hecho que no fue denunciado y sobre el que no pudo defenderse.
c.desproporción en la sanción aplicada.
IV.- Que la responsabilidad primaria del juicio de la conducta ética de los abogados corresponde a los pares del profesional, en tanto ellos cumplen los mismos menesteres y conocen –por lo tanto– los alcances de su responsabilidad profesional y la compleja serie de comportamientos inspirados en los usos profesionales, en la tradición y en las reglas de costumbre.
Los miembros del tribunal de disciplina son los expertos en la valoración de las conductas; los jueces deben atenerse a ese juicio, salvo que concurriesen causales que, por ilegalidad o arbitrariedad de lo decidido, hicieran caer la validez de las decisiones que dicho tribunal haya tomado en cumplimiento de la potestad específica de valoración profesional (esta sala, causas “Pastor, Humberto Ariel c/CPACF”, “Guevara, Edgardo Jorge c/CPACF”, “Méndez, Claudio Salomón c/CPACF” y “Delega, Marcelo Alejandro c/CPACF”, pronunciamiento del 13 de diciembre de 2011, del 30 de agosto de 2012, del 12 de marzo de 2015 y del 2 de julio de 2015, respectivamente).
Desde la perspectiva trazada no puede dejar de advertirse que el recurrente no ha probado en autos que el Tribunal de Disciplina del Colegio Público de Abogados –órgano a quien el legislador atribuyó el juzgamiento ético del comportamiento de los integrantes del foro local– haya ejercido ilegal o arbitrariamente su potestad al decidir del modo en que lo hizo (esta sala, causas “Castro Roberts”, “Marchesin”, “Sincosky” y “Delega”, pronunciamientos del 16 de septiembre de 2014, del 27 de abril de 2014, del 20 de mayo de 2015 y del 2 de julio de 2015, respectivamente).
Véase que el profesional reitera, en lo sustancial, las justificaciones que había intentado hacer valer ante el tribunal a quo, las que han recibido un tratamiento adecuado por parte de aquél. Es más, los agravios ofrecidos por el recurrente sólo traducen una discrepancia con la valoración efectuada y resultan insuficientes para probar la inexistencia de una conducta pasible de sanción.
V.- Que la sanción impuesta por el tribunal disciplinario remite a la definición como injusta de faltas puramente deontológicas. La subsunción del supuesto fáctico concreto dentro de la fórmula de la infracción deontológica profesional es, como principio, resorte primario de quien está llamado –porque así lo ha querido la ley– a valorar los comportamientos que, precisamente, pueden dar lugar a la configuración de aquellas infracciones, limitándose la revisión judicial a las hipótesis en las que ha mediado indefensión o la decisión resulta manifiestamente arbitraria (esta sala, causas “Kryksman Marta Ester c/CPACF” y “Perriconi de Matthaeis Mario Pablo c/CPACF”, pronunciamientos del 1 de noviembre de 2006 y del 3 de marzo de 2014, y Sala III, causa “Rosenfeld, Ana María c/CPACF”, pronunciamiento del 22 de marzo de 2012).
En el caso, no aparece arbitraria la subsunción normativa de la conducta de la abogada como merecedora del reproche ético, si se repara en que el abogado que compromete sus servicios profesionales debe defender los derechos del cliente, no sólo para salvaguardar su responsabilidad legal y ética sino, primordialmente, para no dejar desatendido a quien acudió en busca de una asistencia profesional (esta sala, causa “Gallardo, Raúl Eduardo”, pronunciamiento del 21 de abril de 2015).
Las circunstancias invocadas por la recurrente para eximirse de la responsabilidad establecida por las faltas en cuestión –retención de documentación y no haber dado inicio al juicio de daños– constituyen afirmaciones carentes de sustento en las constancias de la causa, y no desvirtúan las conclusiones a las que llegó el tribunal a quo sobre los incumplimientos de los deberes que imponen la Ley Nº 23.187 y el Código de Ética.
Ello es así, toda vez que con las constancias de la causa se encuentra acreditado que le fue requerida la documentación original al menos en dos oportunidades (ver fs. 2/20194), y que, en oportunidad de contestar el correo electrónico en que se le requería dicha documentación, nada mencionó respecto de no tenerla bajo su custodia.
VI.- Que en lo que respecta a la alegada violación a la garantía de la defensa en juicio, no asiste razón a la recurrente. En efecto, en la causa hay explícitas referencias a que la denuncia contempló la falta de promoción de la acción de daños: en el escrito de denuncia (fs. 6), en el formulario del Colegio Público (fs. 1), en el dictamen de la unidad de instrucción (fs. 35), lo que fue contestado por la recurrente en su descargo de fs. 41 vta. y 62/201963 vta., lo que nunca fue negado por la profesional y por lo tanto consentido, por lo que el hecho se encuentra denunciado. Adviértase, además, que después del 15 de agosto de 2013 audiencia de mediación, y el correo electrónico en el que solicitó al señor D.P. que asistiera a su estudio jurídico para firmar la demanda –1 de noviembre de 2013–, hasta la notificación de la presente causa disciplinaria –19 de marzo de 2015–, no existió actividad alguna de parte de la abogada que indique su desempeño para llevar adelante la demanda de daños.
VII.- Que respecto de la desproporcionalidad de la sanción, cabe añadir que el tribunal de disciplina no se apartó del sistema normativo establecido en el art. 45 inciso c) de la Ley Nº 23.187, en tanto la fijó en dos mil quinientos pesos ($ 2.500) y no puede superar la retribución mensual de un juez nacional de primera instancia en lo civil de la Capital Federal.
Además, este tribunal no advierte que la sanción impuesta sea desproporcionada frente a la gravedad asignada a la conducta que se reprocha al recurrente –a tenor de lo dispuesto en los arts. 26 inciso b) y 28 inciso b) del Código de Ética–, con encuadramiento como “falta grave”, aún frente a la inexistencia de antecedentes disciplinarios, toda vez que no es el único aspecto a considerar para su determinación (esta sala, causas “Brola, Daniel Esteban c/CPACF”, “Budowla, Elena c/CPACF” y “Delega, Marcelo Alejandro c/CPACF”, pronunciamientos del 10 de mayo de 2012, del 21 de marzo de 2013 y del 2 de julio de 2015, respectivamente).
VIII.- Por las razones expuestas, el tribunal RESUELVE: desestimar los agravios y confirmar la sentencia Nº 5626 del 17 de febrero del 2015 dictada por la Sala II del Tribunal de Disciplina del Colegio Público de Abogados de la Capital Federal en el marco de la causa Nº 28.142. Con costas, en tanto no existe mérito para la dispensa (art. 68, primer párrafo, del C.P.C.C. de la Nación).
IX.- Que en razón de la naturaleza del proceso –que viene dado en el caso por el importe de la sanción de la multa impuesta–, el mérito, la calidad y la extensión de la labor profesional desarrollada a la luz del resultado obtenido durante la sustanciación del presente recurso directo ante este tribunal SE ESTABLECEN en la suma de dos mil ($ 2.000) los honorarios a favor del doctor L.E.L. (Tº 122 Fº 617), por su intervención ejerciendo la representación procesal y la dirección legal de la demandada (arts. 6, 7, 9, 19, 37, 38 y demás c.c. del arancel de abogados y procuradores).
El Dr. Carlos Manuel Grecco integra esta sala en los términos de la acordada 16/2011 de esta cámara.
Regístrese, notifíquese y oportunamente, devuélvase.
Clara M. do Pico – Rodolfo E. Facio – Carlos M. Grecco
Y VISTOS; CONSIDERANDO:
I.- Que la presente causa disciplinaria nº 28.142 del Colegio Público de Abogados de la Capital Federal, tuvo su origen en la denuncia realizada por el señor C.D.P. contra la doctora E.E.G.P..
II.- Que la Sala II del Tribunal de Disciplina resolvió, por sentencia Nº 5626 del 17 de septiembre de 2015, sancionar a la doctora E.E.G.P. con una multa de pesos dos mil quinientos ($ 2.500) de acuerdo a lo normado por el art. 45 inciso c) de la Ley Nº 23.187, en el entendimiento de que infringió las disposiciones contempladas en los arts. 6 inciso e) y 44 incisos d), e), g) y h) de la Ley Nº 23.187 y los arts. 10 inciso a) y 19 incisos a) y f) del Código de Ética, vulnerando el deber de fidelidad a su cliente, de conformidad con las previsiones de los arts. 26 inciso b) y 28 inciso b) del Código de Ética. Para así decir tuvo en cuenta haber retenido la documentación de su cliente y no haber dado inicio al juicio de daños (fs. 73).
III.- Que contra dicha decisión la doctora P. interpuso recurso de apelación (fs. 81/201985 y vta.) que fue contestado a fs. 104/20114.
Los agravios son los siguientes:
a. arbitrariedad en la resolución del tribunal al omitir los principios constitutivos del proceso disciplinario y de ética profesional.
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