Obligaciones del empleador y del trabajador. Certificado de Trabajo. Improcedencia de indemnización por despido. Extinción de la relación laboral por cumplimiento del plazo del contrato de trabajo a plazo fijo.
SUMARIO. La Sala I de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones del Trabajo confirmó el rechazo de una demanda por la que una trabajadora contratada bajo la modalidad a plazo fijo perseguía el cobro de de indemnizaciones por despido y otros créditos de naturaleza laboral, en tanto que el término del vínculo laboral tuvo lugar por el cumplimiento del plazo fijado en el referido contrato. Improcedencia del recargo previsto por el art. 80 de la LCT. Incumplimiento por parte de la trabajadora de la intimación al empleador según art. 3 del decreto 146/2001, en tanto que de las constancias aportadas a la causa surge que lo que se reclama es la percepción de la multa pero no la entrega de los certificados previstos por la mencionada norma, no siendo posible tener por cumplimentado el referido recaudo.
Galarza, Jessica S. c/Visión 101 SA s/Despido, Sala I de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones del Trabajo, 28-05-2015.
Texto completo del fallo.
Buenos Aires, 28 de Mayo de 2015.-
La Doctora Graciela A. González dijo:
I.- La señora Jueza de primera instancia rechazó la demanda orientada al cobro de indemnizaciones por despido y otros créditos de naturaleza laboral.
Para así decidir, luego de valorar las pruebas producidas y los antecedentes del caso, concluyó que las partes se encontraban unidas a través de contrato a plazo fijo y que el vínculo se extinguió por el cumplimiento del plazo del último de ellos, por lo que no resultaron procedentes las partidas indemnizatorias reclamadas.
II.- Tal decisión es apelada por la parte actora a tenor de las manifestaciones vertidas en la memoria de fs.192/196. Por su parte, a fs. 187 la representación letrada de la demandada objeta la regulación de sus honorarios por estimarla reducida.
La apelante se queja, en concreto, por el rechazo de la acción, porque no se hizo lugar a las diferencias salariales por jornada y por el rechazo del recargo previsto por el arte 80 de la LCT.
III.- Adelanto que, el recurso interpuesto no tendrá favorable recepción.
Más allá de las argumentaciones vertidas por la apelante en el primero de los planteos formulados, referidas al silencio en que pudiera haber incurrido la encartada y la verificación de la autenticidad de las piezas postales que envió, lo cierto es que tal línea argumental debe ser desoída pues quedó demostrado en autos que el vínculo se extinguió el 31.03.2013 por lo que las intimaciones que cursó posteriormente vía telegráfica no pudieron surtir los efectos pretendidos toda vez que el vínculo ya se hallaba disuelto. Nótese que la trabajadora reconoció a fs. 164 los contratos a plazo fijo que aportó la accionada a fs. 31/32 (del 09.11.2012 al 29.11.2012), a fs. 42/45 (del 29.11.2012 al 10.01.2013), y a fs. 57/59 (del 11.01.2013 al 31.03.2013), por lo que independientemente de las justificaciones que intenta introducir ante esta Alzada, observo que no produjo prueba alguna tendiente a demostrar que los mismos hubieran sido confeccionados en fraude a la ley laboral (art. 377 C.P.C.C.N.).
Lo expresado por la apelante en el segundo agravio en relación al nivel remuneratorio de Galarza resulta improcedente pues dicho reclamo no fue propuesto a la señora Juez de origen (art. 277 C.P.C.C.N.). La trabajadora denunció en la demanda que percibía un salario acorde a una jornada reducida (fs. 4vta) por lo que mal puede denunciar ante esta alzada que el mismo, aún siendo por jornada reducida, resultaba insuficiente de acuerdo a las escalas salariales vigentes para la época, cuando las diferencias salariales reclamadas en la demanda provienen de circunstancias diferentes.
En este sentido, tampoco quedó demostrado que la trabajadora prestara tareas en jornada completa para viabilizar el reclamo por diferencias salariales peticionadas. Galarza denunció en la demanda (fs. 5) que cumplía una jornada de seis horas (de lunes a domingos con un franco semanal en horarios rotativos de 14 a 20 hs y de 16 a 22 hs), no obstante, reclamó que debió percibir un salario acorde a una jornada completa. Al respecto señalo que los testigos que declararon a instancia de su parte, no lograron corroborar tal extremo pues ninguno de ellos pudo precisar la extensión de la jornada cumplida por la actora y lo que pudieron manifestar sobre el punto, lo sabían por propios dichos de Galarza, lo cual no resulta extraño teniendo en cuenta que se trató de amigos y conocidos de ella, personas ajenas al lugar de trabajo donde ésta se desempeñó lo que les resta, a sus dichos, fuerza convictiva (art. 386 C.P.C.C.N.). Considero que tales testimonios fueron valorados correctamente por la magistrada de origen, con resultados que se comparten en su totalidad y que la falta de otros elementos probatorios que echen luz sobre el punto en debate, sella la suerte adversa del planteo bajo examen (art 377 C.P.C.C.N.).
Asimismo, corresponde confirmar el rechazo del recargo previsto por el art 80 de la LCT. La trabajadora no cumplió con el requisito de intimación al empleador previsto por el art. 3º del Decreto Nº 146/01, pues de la lectura de la misiva obrante a fs. 15 surge que lo que reclama es la percepción de la multa mas no la entrega de los certificados previstos por el mentado art. 80 de la LCT por lo que no es posible tener por cumplimentado el recaudo mencionado. Se suma que la demandada acompañó dichos instrumentos a fs 81/83, los cuales coinciden con las características de la relación laboral demostrada en la causa.
Finalmente, el último de los planteos deberá ser desestimado pues aún sin soslayar lo expresado por el perito contador en el punto 5 del informe pericial (fs. 148vta), ningún reclamo fue efectuado en el inicio relacionado con la falta de aportes previsionales (art. 277 C.P.C.C.N.) ni tampoco se produjo prueba tendiente a corroborar alguna irregularidad registral de tal índole.
Por último, los argumentos vertidos brindan adecuado sustento al pronunciamiento, razón por la cual omito el análisis de las demás cuestiones planteadas en tanto resultan inconducentes para la solución del litigio, pues he considerado aquello que estimé pertinente para la correcta solución del litigio. Tengo en cuenta que es jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación que no resulta necesario seguir a las partes en todas y cada una de sus argumentaciones, bastando hacerse cargo de las que resulten conducentes para la decisión del litigio (Fallos 272:225; 274:113; 276:132; 280:320) y, sobre tal base, no las encuentro eficaces para rebatir la valoración realizada precedentemente.
IV.- Asimismo, considero que la distribución de las costas debe ser modificada. Las circunstancias complejas que rodearon el curso de la relación pudieron de algún modo persuadir a la trabajadora del derecho a efectuar las pretensiones que postulara al demandar. Por ello, propongo que se impongan en el orden causado (artículo 68 segundo párrafo del C.P.C.C.N.)
V.- La regulación de honorarios asignada a la representación letrada de la demandada luce razonable en atención al mérito, calidad y extensión de los trabajos realizados, y se adecuan a las pautas arancelarias de la Ley Nº 21839 y el DL. 16658/57, por lo que propongo la misma sea mantenida.
VI.- Por lo expuesto, de prosperar mi criterio, propongo en este voto: 1) confirmar la sentencia apelada en lo principal que decide excepto lo resuelto en materia de costas; 2) imponer las costas de ambas instancias por el orden causado (art. 68 2º párr. C.P.C.C.N.); 3) regular los honorarios de los letrados firmantes de los escritos dirigidos a esta Cámara en el 25% y 25% de lo que le fue regulado a cada uno por su actuación en la instancia anterior (arts. 6 y 14 Ley Nº 21839 y Decreto Nº 16638/57).
La Doctora GLORIA M. PASTEN DE ISHIHARA dijo:
Que por análogos fundamentos adhiere al voto que antecede.
A mérito de lo que resulta del precedente acuerdo, SE RESUELVE: 1) confirmar la sentencia apelada en lo principal que decide excepto lo resuelto en materia de costas; 2) imponer las costas de ambas instancias por el orden causado (art. 68 2º párr. C.P.C.C.N.); 3) regular los honorarios de los letrados firmantes de los escritos dirigidos a esta Cámara en el 25% y 25% de lo que le fue regulado a cada uno por su actuación en la instancia anterior (arts. 6 y 14 Ley Nº 21839 y Decreto Nº 16638/57).
Regístrese, notifíquese, oportunamente comuníquese (art. 4 Acordada CSJN nro. 15/13) y devuélvase.
Graciela González – Gloria M. Pasten de Ishihara
Ante mí: Verónica Moreno Calabrese – Secretaria
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