Con el objeto de regular un sistema de prevención integral de eventos por muerte súbita en espacios públicos y privados de acceso público a fin de reducir la morbimortalidad súbita de origen cardiovascular, se sancionó la ley 27.159, publicada en el Boletín Oficial del 27/7/2015.
Luego de precisar el alcance y significado de algunos términos relativos a la materia que regula y de referirse a las funciones de la autoridad de aplicación (que deberá coordinar su accionar con las jurisdicciones en el marco del Consejo Federal de Salud —COFESA— y del Consejo Federal de Educación —CFE—), se destaca entre las disposiciones de esta ley, la que garantiza el acceso a un desfibrilador externo automático (DEA) en los espacios públicos y los privados de acceso público, de conformidad con la cantidad que determine la autoridad de aplicación, que podrá utilizarse en situaciones de emergencia.
A continuación, el texto completo de la norma.
Ley 27159 – Muerte Súbita. Sistema de Prevención Integral.
Sancionada: Julio 01 de 2015
Promulgada de Hecho: Julio 24 de 2015
Publicación en B.O.: 27/07/2015
El Senado y Cámara de Diputados
de la Nación Argentina
reunidos en Congreso, etc.
sancionan con fuerza de
Ley:
ARTÍCULO 1° — Objeto. El objeto de la presente ley es regular un sistema de prevención integral de eventos por muerte súbita en espacios públicos y privados de acceso público a fin de reducir la morbimortalidad súbita de origen cardiovascular.
ARTÍCULO 2° — Definiciones. A los efectos de esta ley se considera:
a) Resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP): maniobras que se llevan a cabo sobre una persona en caso de detención de la circulación de su sangre y que están destinadas a la oxigenación inmediata de los órganos vitales;
b) Desfibrilación: maniobras de RCP a las que se le incluye un desfibrilador externo automático —DEA—;
c) Desfibrilador externo automático —DEA—: dispositivo electrónico portátil con capacidad para diagnosticar fibrilación ventricular o taquicardia ventricular, y en su caso, emitir la señal de alerta para la aplicación de una descarga eléctrica que restablezca el ritmo cardíaco normal;
d) Espacios públicos y privados de acceso público: lugares públicos y sedes de lugares privados, cuyo volumen de tránsito y permanencia de personas se determinará de conformidad a lo que disponga la autoridad de aplicación en coordinación con las jurisdicciones;
e) Lugares cardioasistidos: espacios que disponen de los elementos necesarios para asistir a una persona en los primeros minutos tras un paro cardíaco;
f) Cadena de supervivencia: conjunto de acciones sucesivas y coordinadas que permiten aumentar la posibilidad de sobrevivir de la persona que es víctima de eventos que puedan causar la muerte súbita.
ARTÍCULO 3° — Autoridad de aplicación. La autoridad de aplicación de la presente ley debe coordinar su aplicación con las jurisdicciones en el marco del Consejo Federal de Salud —COFESA— y del Consejo Federal de Educación —CFE—.
ARTÍCULO 4° — Funciones. En el marco de la coordinación jurisdiccional establecida, la autoridad de aplicación tiene las siguientes funciones:
a) Promover la accesibilidad de toda la población a la resucitación cardiopulmonar y a la desfibrilación;
b) Promover la concientización por parte de la población sobre la importancia de los lugares cardioasistidos y de la cadena de supervivencia;
c) Promover el acceso de la población a la información sobre primeros auxilios, maniobras de resucitación cardiopulmonar básica y desfibrilación automática externa;
d) Promover la instrucción básica de primeros auxilios, maniobras de resucitación cardiopulmonar básica y desfibrilación automática externa en el nivel comunitario;
e) Coordinar la aplicación de la presente ley en el marco de la Comisión RCP – Argentina, de conformidad con la ley 26.835 de promoción y capacitación en las técnicas de RCP básicas, para estudiantes de los niveles medio y superior;
f) Determinar las pautas de acreditación para la capacitación del personal de los lugares establecidos, en técnicas de maniobras de resucitación cardiopulmonar básica y en el uso de los DEA;
g) Determinar las pautas de capacitación de quienes participan en espectáculos deportivos, promoviendo la incorporación en los planes de estudio de contenidos referidos a resucitación cardiopulmonar básica y uso de los DEA, para los árbitros y el personal técnico auxiliar de los deportistas;
h) Desarrollar un sistema de información y estadística de la morbimortalidad súbita y sus riesgos a nivel nacional;
i) Promover en su ámbito y en su caso con las jurisdicciones, un registro en el que conste la ubicación de los desfibriladores, su correcta utilización y mantenimiento;
j) Definir la cantidad de DEA según la determinación de los espacios públicos y privados de acceso público establecidos;
k) Determinar el plazo de adecuación que tendrán los obligados por la presente ley, el que no podrá exceder de dos (2) años desde la promulgación de la presente ley;
l) Definir la adecuación establecida en el inciso j), en forma gradual, de conformidad con la actividad principal que se lleve a cabo en los espacios públicos y privados de acceso público.
ARTÍCULO 5° — Instalación de DEA. Los espacios públicos y los privados de acceso público deben instalar la cantidad de DEA que determine la autoridad de aplicación en función de lo establecido en los artículos 2° y 4°.
ARTÍCULO 6° — Accesibilidad. Los DEA deben estar instalados en lugares de fácil acceso para su utilización ante una situación de emergencia, y su ubicación debe estar claramente señalizada.
ARTÍCULO 7° — Instrucciones de uso. Las instrucciones de uso de los DEA se deben colocar en lugares estratégicos de las dependencias y espacios establecidos, deben ser claramente visibles y diseñadas en forma clara y entendible para personal no sanitario.
ARTÍCULO 8° — Mantenimiento. Los titulares o los responsables de la administración o explotación de los espacios determinados en el artículo 2° deben mantener en forma permanente los DEA en condiciones aptas de funcionamiento para su uso inmediato por las personas que transiten o permanezcan en el lugar.
ARTÍCULO 9° — Habilitación. Los DEA deben tener la habilitación vigente otorgada por el organismo técnico oficial que determine la reglamentación.
ARTÍCULO 10. — Capacitación. Los titulares o responsables de la administración o explotación de los espacios determinados en el artículo 2° deben capacitar a todo el personal a su cargo, de modo tal que siempre haya alguien disponible para aplicar las técnicas del uso de los DEA y RCP.
ARTÍCULO 11. — Responsabilidad. Ninguna persona interviniente que haya obrado de acuerdo con las disposiciones de la presente ley, está sujeta a responsabilidad civil, penal, ni administrativa, derivadas del cumplimiento de la misma.
ARTÍCULO 12. — Costos. Los costos derivados del cumplimiento de lo establecido en la presente ley para los espacios privados de acceso público, están a cargo de sus propietarios.
ARTÍCULO 13. — Sanciones. Las infracciones a la presente ley, serán sancionadas con:
a) Apercibimiento;
b) Publicación de la resolución que dispone la sanción en un medio de difusión masivo, conforme lo determine la reglamentación;
c) Multa que debe ser actualizada por el Poder Ejecutivo nacional en forma anual conforme al índice de precios oficial del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos —INDEC—, desde pesos mil ($1.000) a pesos cien mil ($100.000), susceptible de ser aumentada hasta el décuplo en caso de reiteración.
Estas sanciones serán reguladas en forma gradual teniendo en cuenta las circunstancias del caso, la naturaleza y gravedad de la infracción, los antecedentes del infractor y el perjuicio causado, sin perjuicio de otras responsabilidades civiles y penales, a que hubiere lugar. El producido de las multas se destinará, en acuerdo con las autoridades jurisdiccionales y en el marco de COFESA, para la realización de campañas de difusión y concientización previstas en el inciso b) del artículo 4°.
ARTÍCULO 14. — Procedimiento sancionatorio. La autoridad de aplicación de la presente ley debe establecer el procedimiento administrativo a aplicar en su jurisdicción para la investigación de presuntas infracciones, asegurando el derecho de defensa del presunto infractor y demás garantías constitucionales. Queda facultada a promover la coordinación de esta función con los organismos públicos nacionales intervinientes en el ámbito de sus áreas comprendidas por esta ley y con las jurisdicciones que hayan adherido. Así mismo, puede delegar en las jurisdicciones que hayan adherido la substanciación de los procedimientos a que den lugar las infracciones previstas y otorgarles su representación en la tramitación de los recursos judiciales que se interpongan contra las sanciones que aplique. Agotada la vía administrativa procederá el recurso en sede judicial directamente ante la Cámara Federal de Apelaciones con competencia en materia contencioso-administrativa con jurisdicción en el lugar del hecho. Los recursos que se interpongan contra la aplicación de las sanciones previstas tendrán efecto devolutivo. Por razones fundadas, tendientes a evitar un gravamen irreparable al interesado o en resguardo de terceros, el recurso podrá concederse con efecto suspensivo.
ARTÍCULO 15. — Financiamiento. Los gastos derivados de lo establecido en la presente ley respecto de los espacios comprendidos que sean dependientes del Estado nacional, se deben imputar a las partidas correspondientes al Ministerio de Salud.
ARTÍCULO 16. — Adhesión. Invítase a las provincias y a la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires a adherir en lo pertinente a lo establecido en la presente ley.
ARTÍCULO 17. — Reglamentación. El Poder Ejecutivo debe reglamentar la presente ley dentro de los ciento ochenta (180) días de su promulgación.
ARTÍCULO 18. — Comuníquese al Poder Ejecutivo nacional.
DADA EN LA SALA DE SESIONES DEL CONGRESO ARGENTINO, EN BUENOS AIRES, A UN DIA DEL MES DE JULIO DEL AÑO DOS MIL QUINCE.
— REGISTRADA BAJO EL Nº 27159 —
AMADO BOUDOU. — JULIÁN A. DOMÍNGUEZ. — Juan H. Estrada. — Lucas Chedrese.
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