La Cámara de Apelaciones en lo PCyF de la C.A.B.A. declaró la nulidad de una pericia a un celular por no haber sido dispuesta por una orden judicial fundada

SÍNTESIS.- En el caso, corresponde revocar la resolución de grado y, en consecuencia, declarar la nulidad de la orden de peritar el contenido de los aparatos telefónicos móviles secuestrados.
En efecto, la Defensa sostiene que la orden de prueba debió haber emanado del Juez y no del Ministerio Público Fiscal, toda vez que en este caso, la medida probatoria de referencia es asimilable a un allanamiento, una requisa o a una intercepción telefónica. En definitiva, entiende que es el órgano jurisdiccional el único autorizado a emitir disposiciones que afecten el derecho a la intimidad (art. 19 CN) y privacidad del imputado.
Al respecto, contrariamente a la conclusión a la que arribó la A-Quo, consideramos que en el caso de estudio, se advierte que el análisis pretendido por el Fiscal a ambos dispositivos móviles secuestrados, implica una intromisión en la esfera de reserva del aquí imputado. Así, para entrar en este espacio de privacidad, se requiere obligatoriamente de la observancia de que la orden sea impartida por el juez, a los fines de poner en resguardo el derecho a la intimidad, constitucionalmente consagrado (arts. 18 y 19 CN, y art. 13.8 CCABA).
Ello pues, cabe resaltar que el principio general es que para obtener conocimiento alguno respecto del hecho que se investiga mediante la intromisión a los contenidos de comunicaciones se requiere la orden de un Juez. Esto es así para salvaguardar la garantía contenida en los artículos 18 de la Constitución Nacional y 13.8 de la Constitución local, en cuanto protegen el derecho a la intimidad.

Al respecto, la orden impartida por el Fiscal, puesta en crisis por el recurrente, respecto del análisis de los contenidos de los dispositivos móviles secuestrados, claramente implica una intromisión al ámbito de privacidad de una persona. Ello así, pues la información requerida por el titular de la acción implica conocer el contenido de mensajes de texto (SMS), de mensajería instantánea (Whatsap, FacebookMessenger, etc), de llamadas telefónicas, fotografías y filmaciones.
En este sentido, las solicitudes de información pueden diferenciarse en las que se requieren sólo datos (como la titularidad de un abonado telefónico o sobre registros de comunicaciones de un abonado –listado de llamadas entrantes y salientes-), de las intervenciones que son sobre el contenido de las comunicaciones, que configuran información “personal” o acerca de lo comunicado o transmitido, que claramente requieren ser dispuestas por el Juez.
Por tanto, es claro que la información que pretende conocer la Fiscalía, a través de la medida adoptada, implica una injerencia al derecho a la intimidad de las comunicaciones, resguardado constitucionalmente, y cuya intromisión solo puede ser dispuesta por una orden judicial fundada.

Nuñez, Jesús Omar, Cámara de Apelaciones Penal, Contravencional y de Faltas, 23/03/2017

Fuente: Departamento de Biblioteca y Jurisprudencia del Consejo de la Magistratura de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires

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