SUMARIO. La Sala III de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Civil y Comercial Federal confirmó la excepción de prescripción conforme el art. 228 del Código Aeronáutico en la causa en la que el actor, su cónyuge y sus dos hijos debían viajar en el vuelo de la empresa demandada (Lan Argentina S.A.) desde la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche hasta la de Buenos Aires, pero las cenizas volcánicas despedidas por un volcán frustraron el cumplimiento del transporte convenido. Para así decidir se tuvo en cuenta que el art. 63 de la ley 24.240 establece que al contrato de transporte aéreo se le aplicara el Código Aeronáutico y los tratados internacionales. Sobre el particular se destaca que tal remisión no significa negar la relación de consumo entablada entre las partes en litigio, sino rechazar el desplazamiento de las normas de la ley aeronáutica que rigen específicamente la cuestión, por lo que teniendo en cuenta la fecha de mediación y la de iniciación de la demanda, debe declararse prescripta la acción por haber transcurrido el plazo de un año.
Montero, Miguel A. y Otros c/LAN Argentina SA s/Daños y Perjuicios, Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Civil y Comercial Federal – Sala III, 11/6/2015.
Fallo completo.
Buenos Aires, 11 de Junio de 2015.-
Visto:
El recurso de apelación interpuesto por la parte actora a fs.141, fundado a fs.143/145 y vta., cuyo traslado fue contestado a fs.160/164, contra la resolución de fs.134/137; y
Considerando:
I. El 6 de junio de 2011 el señor Miguel Á. Montero, su cónyuge y sus dos hijos debían viajar en el vuelo 4347de Lan Argentina S.A. (en adelante “Lan”) desde la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche hasta la de Buenos Aires (ver documental acompañada a fs. 6/9, escrito inicial a fs. 11/15, en especial fs. 11 vta. y contestación de demanda a fs. 98/114, particularmente fs. 101, punto VI). Sin embargo las cenizas volcánicas despedidas por el volcán chileno Puyehue frustraron el cumplimiento del transporte convenido (ver demanda a fs. 11 vta. cit. y contestación de demanda en la foja mencionada).
Frente a ello los pasajeros promovieron este juicio contra Lan a fin de ser indemnizados por los perjuicios sufridos en dicha ocasión.
A fojas 98/114 contestó la demanda el transportador quien opuso excepción de prescripción con apoyo en el art. 228 del Código Aeronáutico.
Al contestar el traslado de la defensa los actores sostuvieron que el reclamo versaba sobre “hechos (daños) posteriores al agotamiento del contrato de transporte aéreo” los cuales eran “… ajenos al Código Aeronáutico…” (fs. 126/128, en especial fs. 126 vta., el resaltado se halla en el original). Desde esta óptica adujeron la aplicación al caso del plazo trienal contemplado en el art. 50 de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor.
II. El señor Juez de primera instancia hizo lugar a la excepción interpuesta y rechazó la demanda, con costas (fs. 134/137).
Para así decidir el sentenciante señaló que el supuesto sometido a decisión encuadraba en las previsiones específicas de la ley especial aeronáutica, por lo que no habría razones para aplicar la ley 24.240. Agregó que el art. 67 (en rigor art. 63) de la mencionada normativa expresamente señalaba la aplicación del Código Aeronáutico para el supuesto de contrato de transporte aéreo.
De esta manera tuvo en cuenta la fecha de mediación (17/9/12, fs. 2) y la de iniciación de la demanda (26/12/12, fs. 15 vta.) y declaró prescripta la acción por haber transcurrido el plazo de un año, con costas (fs.134/137).
La parte actora, en su memorial, insiste -con idénticos argumentos- sobre el encuadramiento del pleito en las previsiones de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor.
III. Así planteada la cuestión, cabe señalar que en el escrito inicial los demandantes expusieron que “el problema se origina, cuando mi mandante y su familia emprenden la vuelta a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, con fecha 6/6/11…. Que en dicho día, la empresa demandada le comunica… que el viaje de regreso no se efectivizaría, por el tema de las cenizas volcánicas” (ver fs. 11, punto III, párrafos cuarto y quinto).
En dicho contexto, no es admisible la pretensión de escindir artificialmente el reclamo pecuniario (consistente en el valor de los pasajes en ómnibus desde la ciudad de Bariloche a Buenos Aires, en los gastos de alimentación del viaje, en los de mediación, el daño moral por la “conducta desaprensiva y de total abandono a su suerte del actor y su familia, en la fecha pactada para el regreso”, y el daño punitivo, ver descripción obrante a fs. 12 vta./13) de la cancelación del vuelo contratado con la empresa LAN. Sólo es necesario señalar -a fin de determinar el hecho fundante de la pretensión- que de no haber existido la referida cancelación tampoco hubieren existido los daños pretendidos como indemnización.
Al ser ello así, no cabe duda de que en las presentes actuaciones -y al sólo efecto de determinar la naturaleza de la acción impetrada y el plazo de prescripción aplicable- se trata de una demanda fundada en un hecho originado en la actividad aeronáutica, extremo que determina la aplicación del plazo específico de prescripción que prevé la ley en la materia; es decir; el art. 228 del Código Aeronáutico, como bien lo resolvió el Magistrado de la anterior instancia (esta Sala, causa 7210/11 del 28/06/13 y sus citas).
Y así lo ha entendido el propio legislador cuando estableció en el art. 63 de la ley 24.240 que al contrato de transporte se le aplicara el Código Aeronáutico, los tratados internacionales y sólo supletoriamente la ley de Defensa del Consumidor (confr. Jorge Mosset Iturraspe-Javier H.Wajntraub, “Ley de Defensa del Consumidor”, ed. Rubinzal-Culzoni, 2008, pág. 311). Lo expuesto no significa negar la relación de consumo sino rechazar el desplazamiento de las normas de la ley aeronáutica las que específicamente rigen la cuestión.
Por ello y oído el Señor Fiscal de Cámara, corresponde confirmar la sentencia apelada. Costas de Alzada a cargo de la recurrente vencida.
Regístrese, notifíquese al Señor Fiscal en su público despacho y a las partes (fs. 174 y 182), publíquese y devuélvase.
Guillermo A. Antelo – Ricardo G. Recondo – Graciela Medina
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| Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Civil y Comercial Federal – Sala III Buenos Aires, 11 de Junio de 2015.- Visto: El recurso de apelación interpuesto por la parte actora a fs.141, fundado a fs.143/145 y vta., cuyo traslado fue contestado a fs.160/164, contra la resolución de fs.134/137; y Considerando: I. El 6 de junio de 2011 el señor Miguel Á. Montero, su cónyuge y sus dos hijos debían viajar en el vuelo 4347de Lan Argentina S.A. (en adelante “Lan”) desde la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche hasta la de Buenos Aires (ver documental acompañada a fs. 6/9, escrito inicial a fs. 11/15, en especial fs. 11 vta. y contestación de demanda a fs. 98/114, particularmente fs. 101, punto VI). Sin embargo las cenizas volcánicas despedidas por el volcán chileno Puyehue frustraron el cumplimiento del transporte convenido (ver demanda a fs. 11 vta. cit. y contestación de demanda en la foja mencionada). Frente a ello los pasajeros promovieron este juicio contra Lan a fin de ser indemnizados por los perjuicios sufridos en dicha ocasión. A fojas 98/114 contestó la demanda el transportador quien opuso excepción de prescripción con apoyo en el art. 228 del Código Aeronáutico. Al contestar el traslado de la defensa los actores sostuvieron que el reclamo versaba sobre “hechos (daños) posteriores al agotamiento del contrato de transporte aéreo” los cuales eran “… ajenos al Código Aeronáutico…” (fs. 126/128, en especial fs. 126 vta., el resaltado se halla en el original). Desde esta óptica adujeron la aplicación al caso del plazo trienal contemplado en el art. 50 de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor. II. El señor Juez de primera instancia hizo lugar a la excepción interpuesta y rechazó la demanda, con costas (fs. 134/137). Para así decidir el sentenciante señaló que el supuesto sometido a decisión encuadraba en las previsiones específicas de la ley especial aeronáutica, por lo que no habría razones para aplicar la ley 24.240. Agregó que el art. 67 (en rigor art. 63) de la mencionada normativa expresamente señalaba la aplicación del Código Aeronáutico para el supuesto de contrato de transporte aéreo. De esta manera tuvo en cuenta la fecha de mediación (17/9/12, fs. 2) y la de iniciación de la demanda (26/12/12, fs. 15 vta.) y declaró prescripta la acción por haber transcurrido el plazo de un año, con costas (fs.134/137). La parte actora, en su memorial, insiste -con idénticos argumentos- sobre el encuadramiento del pleito en las previsiones de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor. III. Así planteada la cuestión, cabe señalar que en el escrito inicial los demandantes expusieron que “el problema se origina, cuando mi mandante y su familia emprenden la vuelta a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, con fecha 6/6/11…. Que en dicho día, la empresa demandada le comunica… que el viaje de regreso no se efectivizaría, por el tema de las cenizas volcánicas” (ver fs. 11, punto III, párrafos cuarto y quinto). En dicho contexto, no es admisible la pretensión de escindir artificialmente el reclamo pecuniario (consistente en el valor de los pasajes en ómnibus desde la ciudad de Bariloche a Buenos Aires, en los gastos de alimentación del viaje, en los de mediación, el daño moral por la “conducta desaprensiva y de total abandono a su suerte del actor y su familia, en la fecha pactada para el regreso”, y el daño punitivo, ver descripción obrante a fs. 12 vta./13) de la cancelación del vuelo contratado con la empresa LAN. Sólo es necesario señalar -a fin de determinar el hecho fundante de la pretensión- que de no haber existido la referida cancelación tampoco hubieren existido los daños pretendidos como indemnización. Al ser ello así, no cabe duda de que en las presentes actuaciones -y al sólo efecto de determinar la naturaleza de la acción impetrada y el plazo de prescripción aplicable- se trata de una demanda fundada en un hecho originado en la actividad aeronáutica, extremo que determina la aplicación del plazo específico de prescripción que prevé la ley en la materia; es decir; el art. 228 del Código Aeronáutico, como bien lo resolvió el Magistrado de la anterior instancia (esta Sala, causa 7210/11 del 28/06/13 y sus citas). Y así lo ha entendido el propio legislador cuando estableció en el art. 63 de la ley 24.240 que al contrato de transporte se le aplicara el Código Aeronáutico, los tratados internacionales y sólo supletoriamente la ley de Defensa del Consumidor (confr. Jorge Mosset Iturraspe-Javier H.Wajntraub, “Ley de Defensa del Consumidor”, ed. Rubinzal-Culzoni, 2008, pág. 311). Lo expuesto no significa negar la relación de consumo sino rechazar el desplazamiento de las normas de la ley aeronáutica las que específicamente rigen la cuestión. Por ello y oído el Señor Fiscal de Cámara, corresponde confirmar la sentencia apelada. Costas de Alzada a cargo de la recurrente vencida. Regístrese, notifíquese al Señor Fiscal en su público despacho y a las partes (fs. 174 y 182), publíquese y devuélvase. Guillermo A. Antelo – Ricardo G. Recondo – Graciela Medina |
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