SÍNTESIS. La Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación se expidió en materia de competencia para intervenir en la tramitación del concurso preventivo de una empresa de combustibles. Se trata de la empresa Oil Combustibles S.A., en relación a la que se suscitó la contienda positiva de competencia entre el Juzgado Letrado de Primera Instancia de Ejecución Nº 1 de la circunscripción judicial de Comodoro Rivadavia, Provincia de Chubut, y el Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Comercial Nº 4, Secretaria Nº 8, con asiento en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. En el caso, ambos magistrados sostenían su competencia con fundamento en la inscripción del domicilio social ante las respectivas jurisdicciones. Teniendo en cuenta que el concurso preventivo de las personas de existencia ideal de carácter privado y regularmente constituidas es competente el juez del lugar del domicilio social inscripto, el Supremo Tribunal resolvió la competencia a favor de la justicia Nacional, dado que si bien la sociedad había iniciado el procedimiento para cambiar su domicilio legal a la provincia del Chubut, del examen de las constancias de la causa resultó que al momento de la presentación en concurso preventivo se hallaba subsistente la inscripción registral del domicilio social en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires ante la Inspección General de Justicia con asiento en esa jurisdicción.
Oil Combustibles S.A. s/concurso preventivo, Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación, 20/09/2016.
Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación.
Buenos Aires, 20 de Septiembre de 2016.-
Autos y Vistos:
De conformidad con lo dictaminado por el señor Procurador Fiscal, se declara que resulta competente para conocer en el concurso preventivo de Oil Combustibles S.A. la Justicia Nacional en lo Comercial, a la que se le remitirán por intermedio de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Comercial. Hágase saber al Juzgado Letrado de Primera Instancia de Ejecución n° 1 de la Circunscripción de Comodoro Rivadavia, Provincia del Chubut.
Ricardo L. Lorenzetti – Juan C. Maqueda – Horacio Rosatti – Elena H. de Nolasco
Dictamen del Procurador General de la Nación
Suprema Corte:
I.Entre el Juzgado Letrado de Primera Instancia de Ejecución nro. 1 de la circunscripción judicial de Comodoro Rivadavia, provincia del Chubut, y el Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Comercial nro. 4, secretaria nro. 8, con asiento en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, se suscitó la presente contienda positiva de competencia con relación a la tramitación del concurso preventivo de Oil Combustibles S.A.
En cuanto aquí resulta pertinente, ambos magistrados sostienen su competencia con fundamento en la inscripción del domicilio social ante las respectivas jurisdicciones.
Por un lado, el magistrado nacional en lo comercial, a pedido de la Administración Federal de Ingresos Públicos -invocando su carácter de acreedor de la concursada-, solicitó a su par provincial que se inhiba de continuar entendiendo en el concurso preventivo presentado por Oil Combustibles S.A. (fs. 447/452). Consideró que, conforme surgía de los elementos obrantes en la causa, la Inspección General de Justicia con asiento en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires no había cancelado el domicilio social inscripto por Oil Combustibles S.A. en esa jurisdicción.
Por el otro, el juez provincial de Comodoro Rivadavia desestimó el planteo de incompetencia por vía de declinatoria deducido por uno de los acreedores de Oil Combustibles SA. -Juan A. Marinccioni- como así también el pedido de inhibitoria efectuado por el juez en lo comercial referido anteriormente (fs. 538/574). Discrepó con respecto a la jurisdicción en que se encuentra registrado el domicilio social de Oil Combustibles S.A. pues, en su opinión, la Inspección General de Justicia de la Provincia del Chubut aceptó el requerimiento de modificación de la sede social resuelto por la Asamblea de Accionistas de Oil Combustibles S.A., dándole así plenos efectos jurídicos al cambio, no siendo necesario obtener un acto posterior de confirmación o perfeccionamiento.
En tales condiciones, quedó planteado un conflicto positivo de competencia que debe dirimir la Corte Suprema en los términos del art. 24, inc. 7 del decreto· Ley Nº 1285/58, texto según Ley Nº 21.708, por ser el tribunal superior común a ambos órganos judiciales en conflicto.
II. En el concurso preventivo de las personas de existencia ideal de carácter privado y regularmente constituidas es competente el juez del lugar del domicilio social inscripto (cf. arto 3, inc. 3, Ley Nº 24.522 de Concursos y Quiebras; arts. 5, 11, inc. 2 y 12, Ley Nº 19.550 General de Sociedades, modificada por Ley Nº 26.994). Cabe señalar, además, que la Corte Suprema tiene reiteradamente dicho que las normas de competencia de la ley de concursos son de orden público y contienen criterios claros de aplicación, por lo que no pueden ser soslayadas por las partes ni por los tribunales (Fallos: 323:3647).
Del examen de las constancias de la causa surge que, al momento de la presentación en concurso preventivo -30 de marzo de 2016–, se hallaba subsistente la inscripción registral del domicilio social de Oil Combustibles S.A. en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires ante la Inspección General de Justicia con asiento en esa jurisdicción. Si bien la sociedad había iniciado el procedimiento para cambiar su domicilio legal a la provincia del Chubut en julio de 2015 (fs. 59), esa modificación no fue culminada con anterioridad a la presentación del concurso preventivo (fs. 50, 321/4 y 457), por lo que entiendo que la Justicia Nacional en lo Comercial debe entender en el presente concurso (art. 3, inc. 3, Ley Nº 24.522; Fallos: 321:243; S.C. Comp. 1122, L. XL, «Serví Chaco S.A. si concurso preventivo, 26 de abril de 2005; doctr. Fallos: 319:441).
Por lo expuesto, corresponde declarar la competencia de la Justicia Nacional en lo Comercial.
Buenos Aires, 14 de Septiembre de 2016.
Víctor Abramovich
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