La Cámara 3° del Crimen de Córdoba fundamentó la condena a prisión perpetua impuesta por unanimidad contra Edgar Farías, quien a través de su hermano, Joni Farías, contrató a dos sicarios para matar al mecánico Néstor Vega, porque mantenía una relación sentimental con su expareja.
El tribunal integrado por los camaristas Ángeles Palacio de Arato, Gustavo Ispani y Alejandro Weiss y por ocho jurados populares aplicó a los hermanos Farías la figura de homicidio doblemente calificado por precio y por el propósito de causar sufrimiento a la persona con quien ha tenido una relación de pareja, agravado por el uso de arma de fuego. A Edgar Farías, en calidad de autor y a Joni Farías, en calidad de partícipe necesario. Esta figura penal prevista en el artículo 80 inciso 12 del Código Penal había sido solicitada por el fiscal de cámara Marcelo Hidalgo durante su alegato.
Según el tribunal, lo único que buscaba Edgar Farías “era causar su sufrimiento, pues, en su consideración, su expareja (en adelante G. L.), le pertenecía (no tenía derecho a abandonarlo) y Vega había osado quitársela”. La Cámara 3° del Crimen explicó que para agravar esta conducta al máximo posible de escala penal el legislador “ha tenido en cuenta la situación de horror que provoca en la sociedad la sola existencia de una persona que ocasione este perverso y supino grado de sufrimiento a alguien con quien tiene o tuvo un vínculo de pareja”.
“El autor no solamente dirige su acción en contra de un inocente, sino que a través de la eliminación de éste, busca causarle aflicción a otra persona con la que ha mantenido un vínculo o relación de pareja. Esta situación vindicativa, es la que agrava notablemente la conducta delictiva, ya que con una sola conducta se multiplica en número de víctimas”, aseveró el tribunal.
Precisión terminológica
En la sentencia, el autor del primer voto precisó que la conducta dispuesta en el artículo 80 inciso 12 del Código Penal se denomina, en general, “homicidio calificado para causar sufrimiento al vínculo”, pero que también podría utilizarse la expresión “homicidio colateral”, puesto que “el sujeto activo necesariamente tiene que haber matado a alguien, pero de este accionar debe derivarse o intentar conseguir un efecto principal proyectado con anterioridad”. En caso que la persona muerta sea una mujer también podría emplearse la expresión “femicidio vinculado”.
“El femicidio se da cuando la muerte es causada dolosamente por un varón en contra de una mujer y medie violencia de género. Por consiguiente, deberá denominarse así cuando la conducta suponga la muerte de una mujer. Entiendo que esta calificante no debe denominarse de manera exclusiva y excluyente como “femicidio vinculado”, pues este término proviene de un neologismo creado a través de la traducción del vocablo inglés ‘femicide’ y se refiere solo al asesinato de mujeres y por razones de género. Pero si a esta calificante únicamente se la denominara así, quedarían fuera de encuadre ésta y otras situaciones, en las que la víctima fuera un varón. Es que de una lectura minuciosa de la norma que estoy desarrollando, surge claramente que la persona a la que se debe matar no es exclusivamente una mujer y menos aún que la razón lo sea por violencia de género”, agregó el magistrado.
Asimismo, el tribunal aclaró que a Guillermo Adolfo Porta y Jairo Sebastián Quintela se los condenó a prisión perpetua por el delito de homicidio calificado por precio, agravado por el uso de arma de fuego, en calidad de partícipe necesario y autor, respectivamente. A Porta se le atribuye haber brindado todos los recursos para que el homicidio se pudiera cometer de la manera acordada (traslado en auto, entrega del arma, huida del lugar del crimen, entre otras contribuciones); mientras que a Quintela se le atribuye haber matado a Vega por dinero, sin tener ninguna relación con la víctima, “con la consiguiente alarma social que eso conlleva”.
Escala penal
La sentencia también contiene una sugerencia a los legisladores nacionales respecto de al mínimo de la escala penal de la prisión preventiva. “Sería importante que, en algún momento, analicen y estudien una gradación penal que contemple en el mínimo de la escala que refleje la cantidad de años de prisión que consideren conveniente. Esto, en razón, de contar con una herramienta legal en cuanto a la pena efectiva a imponer, que permita a los jueces adecuar la sanción penal al caso concreto, con referencia a la culpabilidad, peligrosidad, expuesta por el agente”, aporta el tribunal.
“En el caso concreto –prosigue el primer voto- se advierte que al accionar de dos de los autores les cupo la aplicación de dos de las calificantes del homicidio, a otro la autoría de una sola de ellas, mientras que al restante, sólo la participación necesaria de una de las agravantes, y sin embargo, la pena es sola una posible y la misma para todos, la prisión perpetua”.
Causa: “Farías, Joni Hugo y otros p.ss.aa. homicidio agravado por el art. 41 bis”
Fecha: 8 de agosto de 2016.
Fuente: www.justiciacordoba.gob.ar
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