«P. G. s/ infracción art. 96 C.P.», Cámara de Apelaciones Penal, Contravencional y de Faltas C.A.B.A., 1/10/2015
SÍNTESIS.- En el caso, corresponde confirmar la sentencia que declaró la incompetencia del fuero y dispuso la remisión de la causa a la Justicia Criminal y Correccional.
En efecto, la Defensa cuestionó que la decisión recurrida había sido tomada sin intervención de la imputada ni de la Defensa, inobservándose el trámite previsto para la sustanciación de las excepciones. Indicó que tampoco se escuchó a la Asesoría de Tutelar respecto del planteo Fiscal de incompetencia en atención a la edad de la niña denunciada.
Al momento en que la Fiscal solicitó la incompetencia, no se había efectuado intimación alguna por el hecho investigado en los términos del artículo 161 del Código Procesal Penal por lo que no parecía necesario efectuar traslado del planteo a la denunciada, a la Defensa oficial o a la Asesoría Tutelar. Ello sin perjuicio de los derechos que le asisten a toda persona que ha sido mencionada como imputada en una denuncia de
presentarse espontáneamente y ejercer su defensa.
De todos modos, lo cierto es que en el caso la ausencia de traslado del planteo de incompetencia no ha ocasionado perjuicio, de forma tal que aplicar la sanción pretendida importaría declarar la nulidad por la nulidad misma.
El Fiscal solicitó al Juez de grado que declarara la incompetencia de este fuero pues entendió que el hecho denunciado se subsume en el delito tipificado en el artículo 89 del Código Penal.
El Magistrado hizo lugar al pedido y descartó la figura de lesiones en riña pues ésta requiere que deban tomar parte en la riña más de dos personas y no debe ser posible determinar quienes causaron las lesiones; mientras que, en el caso de autos no se dan estos requisitos al haberse individualizado a la agresora mientras que el grupo de personas que acompañaba a ésta última se había limitado a formar una ronda y luego a separar a las adolescentes.
Ello así, el hecho denunciado se subsume en el tipo penal de lesiones leves (art. 89 CP) y por ello, no corresponde la intervención del Fuero local sino que estos autos deben tramitar ante la Justicia Nacional de Menores.
No teniendo competencia en razón de la materia no es posible expedirse sobre la supuesta inimputabilidad de la encausada.
Las reglas de competencia son regulación de la garantía constitucional de Juez Natural.
La ley procesal penal nacional prevé para el caso de menores imputados diversas medidas de protección y tutela que, si así lo entendiera necesario, el Magistrado con competencia, podría aplicar.
En este sentido, la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación ha dicho que «[e]specíficamente, en relación a los niños que cometen un delito cuando todavía no han cumplido la edad mínima, el Comité de los Derechos del Niño, ha reconocido, fecientemente, que si bien no pueden ser formalmente acusados ni considerárselos responsables en un procedimiento penal, ‘si es necesario, procederá adoptar medidas especiales de protección en el interés superior de esos niños’ (Observación General N° 10/2007, «Derechos del niños en la Justicia de menores», del 25 de abril de 2007, párr. 31).» (CSJN, S.C. G. 147; L. XLIV, García Méndez Emilio y Musa Laura s/ causa nº 7537, rta. 12.12.08, del voto de la mayoría) y que «[e]n efecto, es función también de los magistrados competentes en la materia, adoptar dichas medidas, agotando todas las variables que permitan orientarse, prioritariamente, hacia servicios sustitutivos de la internación que puedan ser dispuestos, según las circunstancias particulares de cada niño, teniendo como horizonte su interés superior.»
Fuente: Departamento de Biblioteca y Jurisprudencia del Consejo de la Magistratura de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.
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