Con fecha 7/10/2014 la CSJN dejó sin efecto la denegatoria del recurso de inconstitucionalidad previsto en la ley local 7055, en el que se invocó la violación de la garantía de defensa en juicio por parte del jurado de enjuiciamiento que había resuelto la destitución del actor.
Antecedentes del caso: Mediante el decisorio de fecha 15/3/2010, el Tribunal de Enjuiciamiento de Magistrados de la Provincia de Santa Fe destituyó al doctor Mauricio Luis Fernando Frois del cargo de Juez de Primera Instancia de Distrito en lo Penal de Sentencia de la Cuarta Nominación del Distrito Judicial n° 1 -provincia de Santa Fe-, por considerar encuadrada su conducta en las causales previstas en el artículo 7, inciso primero -segunda parte-, e inciso segundo, de la ley 7050 y sus modificatorias 11.115 y 12.949.
Contra dicho pronunciamiento el magistrado promovió el recurso de inconstitucionalidad (ley local 7055) alegando la violación de la garantía de defensa en juicio, al haber sido destituido -a su entender- por una imputación que no integró debidamente la pieza acusatoria, por prescindir el fallo de prueba decisiva y por sustentarse la decisión en fundamentos aparentes.
La Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Provincia de Santa Fe declaró inadmisible el recurso, haciendo pie en la tradicional jurisprudencia del Supremo Tribunal sobre los limitados alcances del control de constitucionalidad en procedimientos de esta especie. Finalmente, esa sentencia fue impugnada por el doctor Mauricio Frois mediante el recurso extraordinario federal.
Fundamentos de la CSJN:
En primer lugar, la Corte recordó que “las decisiones en materia de los llamados juicios políticos o enjuiciamiento de magistrados en la esfera provincial, cuyo trámite se efectuó ante órganos ajenos a los poderes judiciales locales, constituyen un ámbito en el que es posible la intervención judicial en la medida que se aduzca y demuestre inequívocamente por el interesado la violación de alguno de los derechos o garantías establecidos en el arto 18 de la Constitución Nacional.”
Habiendo planteado el actor la afectación de la garantía que le asiste de contar con un recurso apto ante un tribunal imparcial, condición que, según su juicio, no ostentaría la Corte santafesina en la medida en que cuatro jueces que participaron de la decisión de rechazar el recurso judicial de inconstitucionalidad habían integrado, junto con los demás miembros que contempla la ley 7050, el tribunal de enjuiciamiento que lo destituyó (art. 8.1 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos), el Máximo Tribunal consideró que en el caso “existe cuestión federal suficiente puesto que la defensa pone en discusión el alcance de la garantía de juez imparcial reconocida dentro de los derechos implícitos del art. 33 de la Constitución Nacional, o, más estrictamente, arraigada en las garantías de debido proceso y de la defensa en juicio establecidas en el artículo 18 de dicha Ley Suprema, y consagrada expresamente en los artículos: 26 de la Declaración Americana de los Derechos y Deberes del Hombre, 14.1 del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos, 8.1 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, y 10 de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos, que forman parte del bloque de constitucionalidad federal en virtud de la incorporación expresa que efectúa el art. 75, inciso 22 de la Constitución Nacional.”
Asimismo puso de resalto que “No obsta a esta conclusión la circunstancia de que el planteo hubiese sido invocado por el interesado en el recurso extraordinario, pues … las eventuales inobservancias sobre la oportuna introducción de la cuestión federal no pueden impedir el ejercicio por esta Corte de la jurisdicción más eminente reconocida por la Constitución Nacional, cuando se está en presencia de un caso de gravedad institucional”, aclarando que esta situación se da cuando, como en el caso “existe la posibilidad de que a raíz de la actuación cumplida por el tribunal a quo se origine la responsabilidad internacional del Estado Argentino por el incumplimiento del orden jurídico supranacional.”
Expuesto ello, la Corte afirma que “las circunstancias concretas del caso revelan que el control judicial llevado a cabo por la Corte estadual no satisface las exigencias contempladas por la Convenci6n Americana sobre Derechos Humanos en los arts. 10, 80.10 Y 250, pues el tribunal que lo llevó a cabo no estaba integrado por jueces imparciales.”
Sobre dicha base, destaca que “la intervención tomada en este asunto para hacer efectiva la tuteta judicial pretendida por el magistrado destituido, con el riguroso alcance precisado- por una Corte Suprema integrada por cuatro jueces que, junto con otros siete miembros, constituyeron con anterioridad el tribunal de enjuiciamiento que -como lo prevé la ley 7050- tomó integro conocimiento del caso, participó como director del procedimiento y juzgó minuciosamente al recurrente, examinando su conducta, subsumiéndola en las calificaciones legales y estableciendo su responsabilidad política, para concluir en la destitución del cargo, configura objetivamente una patente infracción a la garantía del tribunal imparcial a cargo del control judicial efectivo, que prevén los arts. 18 de la Constitución Nacional y 1, 8 Y ,25 de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos.”
Agrega que “Frente a la naturaleza y raigambre del planteo señalado, así como la gravedad de que el control judicial se hubiera llevado a cabo por jueces cuya ausencia de imparcialidad era ostensible desde su intervención inicial (Fallos: 316:1710 y 324:1211), las expresiones del superior tribunal -acerca de que ninguna afectación a la imparcialidad se verifica en el ‘sub judice’ no pasan de ser una afirmación dogmática que es constitucionalmente insostenible (Fallos: 236:27), además de que desconoce la jurisprudencia de esta Corte y de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos que exige el carácter efectivo, idóneo y con posibilidades reales de los recursos por ante el poder judicial…, uno de cuyos recaudos fundamentales es que se promueva ante un tribunal imparcial.”
También señala que en diversos precedentes “ha extendido a las decisiones de los jurados de enjuiciamiento de magistrados provinciales la doctrina según la cual el superior tribunal de provincia del que ha de provenir la sentencia definitiva susceptible de recurso extraordinario es, en principio, el órgano jurisdiccional erigido como supremo por la constitución local, pues sin soslayar el principio en virtud del cual las provincias son libres para crear las instancias judiciales que estimen apropiadas, no pueden vedar a ninguna de ellas, y menos a las más altas, la aplicación preferente de la Constitución Nacional.”
Sobre la base de lo expuesto concluye en que “la garantía constitucional que se invoca como vulnerada guarda relación directa e inmediata con lo resuelto (art. 15, ley 48), por lo que corresponde privar de validez al fallo recurrido a fin de que la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Santa Fe dicte un pronunciamiento constitucionalmente válido en los términos que aquí se indica.»
Este fallo marca una nueva etapa en la forma de enjuiciar a los magistrados judiciales en mi provincia….tenía 28 años cuando comencé a defenderlo a mi padre y en ese mismo año hice la queja y el recurso extraordinario federal…era mi primer recurso …..tenía miedo de que me lo rechacen hasta por cuestiones formales…nunca imaginé que iba a desencadenar semejante decisorio….Saludos….!!!!
Mauricio Miguel FROIS
Hola Mauricio Miguel: Felicitaciones por tu trabajo y gran justicia para Mauricio (padre)…si podes pasanos el fallo definitivo de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Santa Fe conforme al fallo de la Corte Suprema porque es un antecedente jurisprudencial importantisimo y tambien para vos como profesional..- Saludos Cordiales. Raul
genio….!
una hazaña…..toda una hazaña…..!!!
leo y leo el fallo y todavía no puedo creer que en la provincia de SAnta Fe tengan semejante corte suprema….por Dios….!!!
moooooiiii bueno!
Es excelente que los jóvenes abogados logren estas cosas…..porque demuestra que los litigantes se renuevan.!!!
Quisiera contactarme con el dr. Froid hijo….si alguien puede pasarme algún contacto…..dejo mi mail richivalen@hotmail.com
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Zune and iPod: Utmost human beings compare the Zune in the direction of the Touch, still once observing how skinny and surprisingly lower and light it is, I take into account it to be a fairly unique hybrid that combines qualities of both the Contact and the Nano. It’s exceptionally colorful and beautiful OLED exhibit is slightly more compact than the touch screen, but the participant by itself feels rather a little bit scaled-down and lighter. It weighs with regards to 2/3 as a lot, and is significantly smaller inside of width and peak, though currently being accurately a hair thicker.
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The Zune concentrates on remaining a Moveable Media Player. Not a website browser. Not a video game machine. Maybe within just the foreseeable future it will do even superior in people areas, nonetheless for currently it is really a Good path towards prepare and listen to your songs and motion pictures, and is devoid of peer within that respect. The iPod’s benefits are its net going to and programs. If those people solid additional compelling, quite possibly it is your best determination.
If you happen to be nevertheless on the fence: seize your favorite earphones, mind down toward a Ideal Invest in and request in direction of plug them into a Zune then an iPod and look at which a single sounds much better toward yourself, and which interface makes your self smile even more. Then you can expect to know which is immediately for you.
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This is using a little bit additional subjective, nevertheless I significantly like the Zune Market. The interface is colourful, includes more flair, and some awesome attributes which include ‘Mixview’ that make it possible for by yourself all of a sudden look at equivalent albums, songs, or other consumers very similar in the direction of what you happen to be listening to. Clicking upon one particular of these will heart upon that product, and a further mounted of «neighbors» will appear into view, letting oneself in direction of navigate over researching by identical artists, new music, or consumers. Chatting of consumers, the Zune «Social» is furthermore best exciting, letting yourself discover some others with shared choices and getting to be buddies with them. Your self then can listen to a playlist generated primarily based upon an amalgamation of what all your mates are listening in the direction of, which is furthermore exciting. All those anxious with privacy will be relieved toward understand you can stop the community towards viewing your person listening behaviors if oneself so decide.
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Apple now incorporates Rhapsody as an application, which is a best begin, still it is at present hampered as a result of the lack of ability in the direction of retail outlet domestically on your iPod, and consists of a dismal 64kbps little bit price. If this modifications, then it will relatively negate this advantage for the Zune, however the Ten audio for every thirty day period will continue to be a big as well as inside Zune Pass’ want.
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I am going to gear this evaluation in the direction of 2 products of individuals: latest Zune homeowners who are thinking about an enhance, and Those people seeking towards choose involving a Zune and an iPod. (There are other avid gamers significance looking at out there, like the Sony Walkman X, however I hope this gives by yourself plenty of details toward create an mindful final decision of the Zune vs players other than the iPod line as properly.)
The fresh new Zune browser is shockingly good, yet not as beneficial as the iPod’s. It works nicely, nonetheless is just not as prompt as Safari, and includes a clunkier interface. If oneself once in a while system upon making use of the world wide web browser that is not an issue, yet if you’re creating toward browse the website alot against your PMP then the iPod’s bigger exhibit and much better browser may perhaps be important.
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Arms down, Apple’s application shop wins via a mile. It truly is a significant option of all varieties of applications vs a really unhappy determination of a handful for Zune. Microsoft contains packages, primarily in just the realm of games, yet I’m not guaranteed I’d will need in the direction of wager upon the long term if this feature is considerable toward your self. The iPod is a a lot better choice in that scenario.
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