Validez y utilidad procesal de las grabaciones telefónicas en el marco de un proceso laboral

-Por el Dr. Juan Pablo Trasmonte –

i) Introducción

Con el desarrollo de la tecnología y su implementación en el marco de las relaciones de trabajo, se han generado situaciones que no se encuentran expresamente reguladas en la normativa laboral y que, necesariamente, quedan libradas a la interpretación de cada una de las partes de la relación y, en última instancia, de un tercero imparcial que determine la procedencia o la improcedencia de tal o cual medida.

En relación a las grabaciones llevadas a cabo en el marco de relaciones laborales entre el empleador y el trabajador, teniendo en cuenta el espíritu de la Ley de Contrato de Trabajo y la protección especial de la que es objeto el empleado, su aplicación, validez y utilidad son cuestiones que han sido controvertidas – a decir verdad, continúan siéndolo en los estrados judiciales -, con una cierta inclinación a admitir su validez probatoria bajo el cumplimiento de una serie de requisitos, que a lo largo del presente artículo desarrollaremos.

Resulta indudable que el eje principal en torno al cual giran los debates más relevantes en la materia resulta ser la colisión entre la facultad de control del empleador y el derecho a la intimidad e incluso al principio de no discriminación y trato digno que goza todo trabajador en el marco de una relación de trabajo. En este artículo estudiaremos someramente los recaudos que debe tomar el empleador a los fines de ejercer su facultad de control y que eventualmente cada grabación goce de cierta utilidad probatoria en el marco de un proceso judicial para, de ese modo, no vulnerar facultades y garantías inherentes no solo a la condición de trabajador de cada uno de sus empleados, sino también a la de ser humano.

ii) Implementación de sistemas de grabación de voz – Requisitos de validez constitucional

En la utilización de sistemas de grabación de voz, y analizada la cuestión desde el punto de vista del empleador, el empleador debe ser sumamente prudente en su implementación, dado el fino límite existente entre el ejercicio correcto y el abusivo de la facultad de control anteriormente mencionada, encontrándose en juego el derecho a la intimidad y a la dignidad inherente a cada empleado.

En la materia, la Ley de Contrato de Trabajo hace especial hincapié en la necesidad de preservar y salvaguardar la dignidad del trabajador en la implementación de sistemas de control personal – conforme art. 70 de la normativa citada-.

En razón de lo expuesto, consideramos que cualquier sistema de registro de llamadas telefónicas debería cumplir, al menos, con los siguientes requisitos para minimizar cualquier eventual contingencia:

a) Funcionalidad y razonabilidad: dado que el ejercicio de los derechos del empleador no es absoluto, oportunamente se debería poder acreditar que la implementación del sistema de control se debió a razones funcionales – es decir, que hacen al desarrollo de la empresa y que contribuyen al logro del objeto de la misma-.

b) Notificación fehaciente al trabajador: el sujeto cuyas conversaciones serán grabadas debe encontrarse en conocimiento de tal circunstancia, en lo posible mediante un medio fehaciente, a fin de preservar su derecho a la intimidad y que el control no se efectúe en forma abusiva, vulnerando garantías constitucionales que se encuentran en cabeza del trabajador.

c) Utilización de grabaciones de contenido exclusivamente laboral: las circunstancias en las que se ha admitido la utilización de grabaciones como prueba en un proceso judicial se limitan a aquellas en las que exclusivamente el contenido de las mismas sea de índole laboral. Carecen absolutamente de valor probatorio aquellas cuestiones ajenas a la relación laboral que une a las partes, tales como manifestaciones de carácter personal. Ello no implica que, en caso de destinar los teléfonos que se le entregan a los trabajadores con fines exclusivamente laborales y éstos se aparten de dicha directiva no sean pasibles de sanción alguna, sino que podrán ser sancionados por el uso indebido del teléfono de la empresa y no por el contenido de las llamadas.

d) Igualdad de trato: siendo consecuencia directa e inherente de la relación laboral, el sistema de grabación de llamadas debe ser aplicado a la totalidad de la planta de trabajadores de la empresa o, al menos, en forma homogénea a grupos objetivamente determinados. No es recomendable la grabación de llamadas de trabajadores puntuales, dada la asimilación de tales prácticas a conductas persecutorias que pueden derivar en aplicaciones de normas anti-discriminatorias con graves consecuencias económicas.

e) Debida denuncia en el Registro Nacional de Bases de Datos: la empresa proveedora del servicio de registración debe, con una periodicidad anual, denunciar ante el Registro Nacional de Bases de Datos, que cuenta en sus archivos con datos de voz y grabaciones de empleados de la firma.

iii) Fuerza probatoria de la grabación telefónica

La cuestión del valor probatorio que se le asigna a una grabación de una llamada telefónica ha sido largamente debatida en la jurisprudencia nacional. En un primer momento, la misma fue despreciada en forma francamente mayoritaria pero, en los últimos años, tal postura se fue suavizando y ampliando, arribando en la actualidad a un criterio compartido en general por los magistrados de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones del Trabajo.

La eficacia probatoria de la grabación telefónica está dada por la sofisticación técnica que permita, en un mayor grado de certeza, la integridad de la prueba – es decir, que la misma no ha sido manipulada artificialmente – y la posibilidad que la tecnología permita de imputar determinada conversación a un sujeto puntual.

En otras palabras, una grabación de una llamada telefónica será valiosa desde un punto de vista procesal únicamente si logra demostrarse mediante una pericia técnica que el sistema utilizado para la obtención y el mantenimiento del material es inviolable, como así también acreditar que un llamado pertenece a un trabajador específico.

Cabe destacar que, en los contados casos en los que se ha acreditado la existencia de un sistema lo suficientemente seguro como para preservar incólume a su contenido, no se le ha asignado tampoco un valor probatorio absoluto sino que ha debido ser complementado con otros medios probatorios, en el marco de una interpretación armónica de los resultados de los mismos.

CONCLUSIONES

En conclusión, entendemos que una aplicación funcional y razonable de un sistema de grabación de llamadas telefónica, tanto en el marco de una relación comercial o laboral, es válida desde un punto de vista legal, supeditada dicha validez a una serie de requisitos.

En relación a la eficacia probatoria de las grabaciones, dependerá de la certeza que pueda brindar en un eventual pleito el sistema utilizado, siendo únicamente valiosos aquellos que cuentan con niveles de protección e inmutabilidad de la información sumamente elevados, debiendo además ser complementados con otros medios probatorios.


Referencias del autor: 

Abogado egresado de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Diploma de Honor. Máster en Derecho Empresario Económico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina.

51 comentarios de “Validez y utilidad procesal de las grabaciones telefónicas en el marco de un proceso laboral

  1. I just want to mention I am just newbie to blogs and truly liked you’re website. Probably I’m planning to bookmark your site . You really have superb well written articles. Thanks a bunch for sharing your web site.

  2. Very interesting details you have observed , appreciate it for posting . «Death is Nature’s expert advice to get plenty of Life.» by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

  3. May I simply just say what a comfort to discover an individual who actually knows what they are discussing over the internet. You definitely understand how to bring an issue to light and make it important. A lot more people need to read this and understand this side of the story. I was surprised that you’re not more popular given that you surely have the gift.

  4. If you might be even now upon the fence: grab your favored earphones, brain down towards a Ideal Invest in and talk to toward plug them into a Zune then an iPod and check out which a person appears far better to you, and which interface tends to make on your own smile a lot more. Then you may recognize which is immediately for oneself.

  5. Hey there! Someone in my Myspace group shared this site with us so I came to look it over. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Outstanding blog and brilliant design and style.

  6. There’s remarkable modifications on the structure of this webpage, I truly like this! My own is on the subject of home interior design and there are lots of stuff to do, I’m currently a newcomer in web page design. Be careful!

  7. Are you tired of your ac repair in Dubai? Are you looking for Certified Professionals to carry out your ac repair with improved facilities and in an expert way?. Hot and humid conditions are not easy to tolerate, especially when you are not used to them. But, thanks to the air conditioners – living in such extreme settings can also become a pleasant experience, and more so if you are in Dubai.

  8. I was just seeking this info for some time. After six hours of continuous Googleing, at last I got it in your web site. I wonder what’s the lack of Google strategy that don’t rank this kind of informative sites in top of the list. Normally the top web sites are full of garbage.

  9. If you happen to be still upon the fence: seize your favourite earphones, mind down towards a Great Acquire and ask towards plug them into a Zune then an iPod and look at which one sounds better in direction of by yourself, and which interface would make your self smile far more. Then you are going to understand which is directly for oneself.

  10. It¡¦s really a great and helpful piece of info. I am happy that you shared this helpful information with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.

  11. I’m really interested to discover what website platform you have been working with? I am having several slight safety issues with the most recent blog regarding best professional carpet cleaners so I would like to find a thing much more risk-free. Have you got any alternatives?

  12. Hello there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found that it’s really informative. I am going to watch out for brussels. I’ll appreciate if you continue this in future. Many people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!

  13. Palms down, Apple’s application retail outlet wins via a mile. It is a enormous final decision of all types of apps vs a pretty unsatisfied final decision of a handful for Zune. Microsoft contains Designs, primarily inside of the realm of online games, however I’m not of course I would want in the direction of wager upon the future if this portion is crucial toward on your own. The iPod is a significantly superior determination inside that situation.

  14. The fresh new Zune browser is astonishingly Great, still not as favourable as the iPod’s. It operates properly, nevertheless is not as fast as Safari, and is made up of a clunkier interface. If on your own once in a while program on employing the website browser that is not an issue, nonetheless if you might be coming up with towards read the net alot versus your PMP then the iPod’s bigger display screen and improved browser could be substantial.

  15. Thanks for publishing this awesome article. I’m a long time reader but I’ve never been compelled to leave a comment. I subscribed to your blog and shared this on my Facebook. Thanks again for a great article!

  16. I’ll equipment this analyze in the direction of 2 layouts of americans: recent Zune householders who are taking into consideration an enhance, and Those people making an attempt in direction of come to a decision involving a Zune and an iPod. (There are other players really worth thinking about out there, such as the Sony Walkman X, but I hope this gives your self ample details to crank out an mindful determination of the Zune vs players other than the iPod line as very well.)

  17. Zune and iPod: Maximum folks examine the Zune toward the Contact, nevertheless just after viewing how slender and incredibly little and mild it is, I attempt it toward be a quite special hybrid that brings together attributes of the two the Touch and the Nano. It truly is incredibly colorful and lovely OLED exhibit is a little bit smaller sized than the touch screen, nonetheless the player itself feels Extremely a little bit scaled-down and lighter. It weighs more than 2/3 as a lot, and is drastically smaller sized in just width and height, despite the fact that getting precisely a hair thicker.

  18. Thanks for writing this awesome article. I’m a long time reader but I’ve never been compelled to leave a comment. I subscribed to your blog and shared this on my Twitter. Thanks again for a great article!

  19. Amongst me and my spouse we have owned further MP3 gamers around the yrs than I can rely, together with Sansas, iRivers, iPods (classic & touch), the Ibiza Rhapsody, and so forth. But, the very last pair years I have resolved down toward one line of players. Why? Considering the fact that I was delighted in the direction of come across how well-designed and fun to seek the services of the underappreciated (and broadly mocked) Zunes are.

  20. If you might be even now upon the fence: get your preferred earphones, intellect down in the direction of a Easiest Purchase and ask toward plug them into a Zune then an iPod and view which a person appears better toward your self, and which interface helps make you smile much more. Then you are going to recognize which is directly for by yourself.

  21. I’ll equipment this review to 2 styles of folks: present-day Zune homeowners who are taking into consideration an up grade, and These attempting in the direction of make your mind up among a Zune and an iPod. (There are other players great importance thinking about out there, which include the Sony Walkman X, yet I assume this gives your self plenty of data toward make an aware decision of the Zune vs avid gamers other than the iPod line as nicely.)

  22. In between me and my spouse we have owned excess MP3 gamers higher than the a long time than I can depend, like Sansas, iRivers, iPods (classic & touch), the Ibiza Rhapsody, etcetera. But, the previous couple many years I’ve solved down to a single line of players. Why? Since I was satisfied in direction of investigate how well-designed and exciting in direction of seek the services of the underappreciated (and greatly mocked) Zunes are.

  23. The contemporary Zune browser is remarkably superior, nevertheless not as Great as the iPod’s. It is effective effectively, however isn’t as immediate as Safari, and incorporates a clunkier interface. If by yourself often application upon making use of the world wide web browser that’s not an issue, yet if you’re designing toward browse the internet alot in opposition to your PMP then the iPod’s more substantial show and superior browser might be significant.

  24. Zune and iPod: Utmost people today review the Zune towards the Touch, nonetheless when watching how skinny and astonishingly low and light-weight it is, I contemplate it in the direction of be a alternatively exclusive hybrid that brings together traits of either the Contact and the Nano. It’s exceptionally vibrant and gorgeous OLED screen is a little smaller than the touch screen, nonetheless the participant alone feels Very a little bit more compact and lighter. It weighs around 2/3 as considerably, and is noticeably smaller inside width and peak, while becoming only a hair thicker.

  25. It is truly a great and useful piece of info. I am satisfied that you simply shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thank you for sharing.

  26. I do agree with all the concepts you have offered on your post. They’re very convincing and will definitely work. Nonetheless, the posts are too short for starters. May you please prolong them a little from next time? Thanks for the post.

  27. Sorry for the massive analyze, yet I am seriously loving the clean Zune, and count on this, as perfectly as the good quality testimonials some other Those incorporate created, will guidance yourself come to a decision if it truly is the straight decision for you.

  28. Zune and iPod: Maximum individuals compare the Zune in direction of the Touch, nonetheless after observing how slender and surprisingly reduced and gentle it is, I take into consideration it toward be a really one of a kind hybrid that combines qualities of both of those the Contact and the Nano. It truly is fairly colourful and attractive OLED screen is a bit lesser than the touch screen, nevertheless the player by itself feels Very a little bit more compact and lighter. It weighs around 2/3 as significantly, and is appreciably scaled-down in width and top, even though becoming merely a hair thicker.

  29. I like what you guys are up too. Such smart work and reporting! Carry on the excellent works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my web site :).

  30. My brother suggested I might like this website. He was entirely right. This post actually made my day. You can not imagine simply how much time I had spent for this info! Thanks!

  31. Many thanks for your terrific article! I truly appreciated finding out about it.I’ll ensure that I bookmark the page and will come back later on. I wish to suggest you to ultimately continue your nice writing, maybe try to think of traffic ticket summons too, have a fine afternoon!

  32. Wonderful web site. A lot of helpful info here. I am sending it to some pals ans additionally sharing in delicious. And naturally, thank you for your sweat!

  33. Thanks for publishing this awesome article. I’m a long time reader but I’ve never been compelled to leave a comment. I subscribed to your blog and shared this on my Twitter. Thanks again for a great post!

  34. Thanks for the sensible critique. Me & my neighbor were just preparing to do a little research on this. We got a grab a book from our local library but I think I learned more clear from this post. I’m very glad to see such fantastic info being shared freely out there.

  35. It truly is mostly extremely difficult to see well-informed women and men on this content, yet somehow you come across as like you understand what you’re writing about! Appreciation

  36. Thanks a lot for this great article! I genuinely liked learning about.I’ll be sure to take note of this site and will return from now on. I want to suggest you to keep going with your wonderful posts, maybe write about test credit card too, have a good evening!

  37. Heya there, just started to be receptive to your wordpress bog through Bing and yahoo, and realized that it is truly useful. I’ll be grateful for if you continue on these.

  38. I just wish to tell you that I am new to putting up a blog and very much enjoyed your information. Likely I am prone to store your blog post . You simply have memorable article information. Be Thankful For it for share-out with us your main internet site article

  39. Good day very cool web site!! Man .. Beautiful .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your site and take the feeds also…I’m glad to find so many useful information right here within the put up, we need develop extra strategies in this regard, thanks for sharing.

  40. I intended to post you a tiny observation just to thank you over again for your magnificent suggestions you’ve shared on this website. It’s simply extremely open-handed with you to offer openly all many people could possibly have offered as an electronic book to earn some bucks on their own, principally now that you might well have tried it in the event you considered necessary. These tricks additionally worked like the easy way to be sure that other people have the identical fervor the same as my very own to find out somewhat more around this problem. I think there are some more pleasant times in the future for many who scan through your website.

Los comentarios han sido cerrados.