En el marco de un juicio por daños y perjuicios, una Cámara Civil determinó que no se puede “tachar” a un testigo solo por ser “amigo” en Facebook de una de las partes. Se trata de la Cámara 9.º de Apelaciones en lo Civil y Comercial de la ciudad de Córdoba, que dispuso que la sola inclusión de una persona en una nómina digital no prueba una amistad íntima ni justifica por sí misma la impugnación del testimonio.
No obstante, agregó que si bien el hecho de que un testigo figure como amigo de una de las partes en una red social (Facebook) no es determinante para descalificarlo, sí podrá lograrse ese efecto con la agregación de otro elemento probatorio.
El Tribunal rechazó el recurso de apelación planteado por el propietario y el conductor de un vehículo contra la sentencia dictada por el Juzgado de 5.º Nominación del fuero. Esta resolución, que ahora ha sido ratificada, había rechazado la demanda por daños y perjuicios planteada por aquellos y, por el contrario, había hecho lugar a la reconvención de la demanda formulada por el demandado, por entender que este último había resultado ser el damnificado por un accidente de tránsito. Como consecuencia, la indemnización fue fijada en 19.900 pesos (más intereses).
Uno de los argumentos que esgrimían los recurrentes es que, en primera instancia, se había valorado el testimonio de un testigo que figuraba como amigo en Facebook de la otra parte. No obstante, el vocal Jorge Eduardo Arrambide esgrimió: “También se impone el ponderar, en los tiempos en que vivimos, que la amistad, que no ha sido probada procesalmente para Facebook o red social asimilable, no tiene igual calibre ni sustancia que una relación de amistad no virtual”.
No es razón dirimente
En la misma dirección, el camarista recordó que “alguna jurisprudencia se ha expedido en este sentido, avalando al testigo que es amigo en Facebook de la parte”. En efecto, de acuerdo con el precedente citado, “más allá de que no se encuentra acreditada la autenticidad de las constancias que el apelante dice haber obtenido de dicho sitio web, el mero hecho de que los testigos tengan o hayan tenido algún tipo de vinculación con el actor a través de tal medio de comunicación no resulta una razón determinante para descartar sin más sus testimonios”.
Según el mismo precedente, descartar el testimonio por esa sola razón “implicaría desconocer la incidencia y la magnitud que tienen Internet y las redes sociales en la actualidad en todo el mundo, máxime cuando no se advierten elementos adicionales a esta sola circunstancia para poner en duda sus declaraciones, y ninguno de ellos estaba comprendido en las generales de la ley”.
En definitiva, el camarista, a cuyo voto se adhirieron sus pares (María Mónica Puga de Juncos y Verónica Francisca Martínez), concluyó: “La sola inclusión en la nómina digital de amigo no constituye amistad íntima, ni justifica por sí misma la impugnación del testimonio o su sospecha si no contamos con algún dato objetivo que permita presumirla”.
En el caso concreto, según el vocal, en primera instancia se había valorado adecuadamente “la mayor objetividad” que se desprendía de su testimonio, teniendo en cuenta que, como el testigo iba en motocicleta cuando se produjo el accidente, pudo dar cuenta de la situación del semáforo; al mismo tiempo “recordó datos relevantes y fue seguro en su relato de por qué estaba allí y cómo sucedieron los hechos”.
No acreditó lo que debía probar
Por otra parte, para ratificar la sentencia de primera instancia, el Tribunal tuvo en miras la presunción legal que surge en función de que los recurrentes fueron quienes embistieron al otro vehículo, lo cual determina, en principio, “la aplicación con toda plenitud de la responsabilidad objetiva por riesgo creado establecida en el art. 1113 del Código Civil (vigente al tiempo del hecho)”. “En la reconvención de la demanda, la parte demandada accionó en contra del dueño y del conductor del vehículo que la ha embestido, por lo que la carga de la prueba de la eximente de responsabilidad correspondía a la parte actora reconvenida. Era ella quien debía acreditar un quiebre en la causalidad del accidente que fuera eximente de su responsabilidad. Lo que no ha ocurrido”, expresaron los camaristas al rechazar el recurso de apelación.
En definitiva, la Cámara ratificó que el accidente se produjo en el cruce entre las calles Urquiza y Argensola, donde hay un semáforo para ambas vías de circulación y la habilitación lumínica (luz verde) acordaba paso a la parte demandada a la que, tras la reconvención o contrademanda, se le acordó la indemnización de 19.900 pesos”.
Fecha: 27 de julio de 2017.
Causa: “Sequeira, Jorge Daniel contra Ribulgo, Gerardo Esteban – Abreviado – Daños y Perjuicios – Accidentes de Tránsito – Recurso de Apelación».
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