Violencia de género: La Cámara en lo PCyF confirmó el rechazo del planteo de atipicidad y nulidad de la defensa, en el marco de una causa por amenazas

SÍNTESIS.- En el caso, corresponde confirmar la resolución de grado en cuanto dispuso no hacer lugar a la excepción de manifiesto defecto en la pretensión por atipicidad.
En efecto, la Defensa adujo, respecto de la tipicidad de los hechos, que los dichos habrían acontecido en un contexto conflictivo entre los involucrados por lo que, a su criterio, las frases no habían sido dichas con el fin de amenazar o atemorizar. Señaló que en los hechos imputados no se configuraba el especial elemento que la figura exige, ni tampoco las frases constituían el anuncio de un mal concreto, grave e injusto.
Ahora bien, de la acusación pública se desprende que el imputado en autos le habría dicho a la denunciante: “Que los iba a matar a todos, a la familia y a sus amigos. Que ella no lo conocía. Que andaba con el jefe del sindicato de taxis. Que no le iba a sacar un peso porque era insolvente” y “Que se cuidaran sus amigos, su familia y ella, porque todos tienen hijos, sobrinos y nietos”; “Vos no sabés con quién te metiste”.
Al respecto, la letrada intenta demostrar que, dado que las frases se habrían dicho en un contexto de discusión de ex-pareja, no se configura la tipicidad de la conducta de su asistido, pues faltaría el especial elemento subjetivo del ilícito. A diferencia de ese punto de vista, entendemos que en ninguno de los casos se ha demostrado que manifiestamente no se configure el especial elemento subjetivo que el artículo 149 «bis» primer párrafo, del Código Penal, exige; esto es, que las amenazas se hayan dicho con el fin de amedrentar o alarmar.
Por lo tanto, el hecho de que las frases se profirieran en una discusión no es un elemento suficiente para que automáticamente se infiera la ausencia de intención en la conducta imputada. Para poder determinar si el acusado tuvo o no la finalidad de amedrentar o alarmar a la denunciante con sus dichos es necesario valorar la prueba, cuestión que excede el marco acotado de un planteo de excepción por atipicidad. Los agravios expresados se refieren, en definitiva, únicamente a cuestiones de hecho y prueba que resultan materia de controversia en este proceso y cuya definición deberá ser objeto del debate.

En el caso, corresponde confirmar la resolución de grado en cuanto dispuso no hacer lugar a la nulidad del pedido de informes.
En efecto, sobre el planteo de nulidad, la Defensa entendió que los informes eran nulos porque significaban una observación de las comunicaciones que, a su criterio, afectaban la intimidad y la privacidad, requiriendo para ser válidos orden emanada del juez y no del Ministerio Público Fiscal.
Ahora bien, de las constancias obrantes en el legajo surge que el Fiscal le solicitó a unas empresas de telefonía que elaborasen un listado de llamadas y mensajes recibidos en determinados celulares. Asimismo, requirió que se especificaran las titularidades, los domicilios de facturación, los planes que poseían los abonados y si registraban llamadas y mensajes de textos gratuitos que podían no figurar en ese listado.
Al respecto, el diseño jurídico-constitucional que expresa la Constitución de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, en lo que a esta temática se refiere, y el del Código Procesal Penal de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, faculta al Fiscal para adoptar y ordenar medidas de investigación (conf. arts. 4 y 93, CPP, entre otros).
En este sentido, el artículo 93 del Código Procesal Penal de la Ciudad, otorga al titular del ejercicio de la acción la potestad de requerir los informes que estime pertinentes y útiles. La excepción que contempla su último párrafo únicamente se refiere a la interceptaciónde comunicaciones —que incluso posee previsión propia en el artículo 117—, por lo que entendemos que no resulta aplicable al presente caso.

R., R. G. J., Cámara de Apelaciones Penal, Contravencional y de Faltas de la CABA, 11/05/17

Fuente: Departamento de Biblioteca y Jurisprudencia del Consejo de la Magistratura de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires

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