Empleo público – Reclamos de diferencias salariales – plazo de prescripción – cómputo del plazo

SÍNTESIS.- En el caso, corresponde revocar parcialmente el pronunciamiento de grado, y en consecuencia, las diferencias salariales reclamadas deben computarse desde los 5 años anteriores a la interposición del reclamo administrativo interpuesto por la actora.
En efecto, la actora criticó la sentencia de grado en cuanto se ordenó que se abonaran las diferencias salariales por los períodos no prescriptos (cinco años, conforme artículo 4027 del Código Civil), tomándose a tal efecto la fecha de interposición de la demanda y no la del inicio del reclamo administrativo.
Cabe señalar que el carácter interruptivo o suspensivo de la prescripción que se les otorga a los reclamos administrativos, sin perjuicio de la discrepancia de criterios que puede surgir respecto de si debe dárseles uno u otro efecto, en el ámbito local encontraría sustento en lo previsto en el artículo 22, inciso e), apartado 9º, del Decreto N° 1510/97.
Allí se dispone, en lo que aquí interesa, que “[l]as actuaciones practicadas con intervención de órgano competente producirán la suspensión de plazos legales y reglamentarios, inclusive los relativos a la prescripción, los que se reiniciarán a partir de la fecha en que quedare firme el auto declarativo de caducidad”.
Ello así, más allá del criterio que se adopte en relación con el carácter interruptivo o suspensivo de los reclamos administrativos, se da la particularidad de que la solución a la que se llegaría sería la misma en cuanto a la determinación del comienzo del plazo de prescripción.
En consecuencia, sin perjuicio de la discusión que puede generarse a partir de la interpretación de si el término “suspensión” allí consignado debe entenderse como “interrupción”, aseveración que encontraría fundamento -para aquellos que se inclinan por la segunda alternativa- en que la utilización del vocablo “reinicia” implicaría que los plazos deben volver a computarse desde el comienzo (confr. Hutchinson, Tomás, “Procedimiento administrativo de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Comentario exegético del decreto 1510/97. Jurisprudencia aplicable”, Ed. Astrea, Buenos Aires, 2003, pág 183), lo cierto es que, en el supuesto analizado en autos, no variaría la solución.

El plazo de prescripción aplicable a la demanda por diferencias salariales es el quinquenal, establecido en el artículo 4027, inciso 3º Código Civil.
Ello es así, toda vez que la obligación de pagar los haberes de los agentes públicos es mensual, por lo que se trata de conceptos que deben pagarse por plazos periódicos más cortos que un año” (confr. Sala I, autos “Garaffa, Francisco y otros c/ GCBA (Secretaría de Educación)”, el 21/03/02).

Cabe señalar que no existen constancias de que se hayan resuelto o caducado las actuaciones administrativas pertinentes, la causal de suspensión o interrupción consistente en la interposición y tramitación de aquéllas habría persistido hasta la promoción de esta acción.
De tal forma, ambas alternativas compartirían el punto de referencia que permite establecer el comienzo del plazo de prescripción (la fecha de la interposición del reclamo), que es, justamente, en atención a las circunstancias que presenta el caso, lo que interesa para resolver la cuestión.
En consecuencia, el plazo de prescripción, de una manera u otra, debería computarse desde la fecha de interposición de dicho reclamo hacia atrás (cinco años).
Lo expuesto, sólo resulta aplicable a las diferencias salariales derivadas del carácter remunerativo de los rubros «Suplemento por Conducción Profesional Crítica» (Código N° 188) y «Complemento No Remunerativo» (Código N° 245), toda vez que los conceptos establecidos en las actas paritarias comenzaron a ser percibidos por la actora con posterioridad al inicio del reclamo.

CIFRE MIREYA CRISTINA c/ GCBA, Cámara de Apelaciones Contencioso, Administrativo y Tributario, 3/04/17

Fuente: Departamento de Biblioteca y Jurisprudencia del Consejo de la Magistratura de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires

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