Una juez de Tartagal, Provincia de Salta, ordenó el inmediato cierre de un grupo abierto, creado en una red social, en el que se publicaron imágenes e información relativa a la situación de abandono y posterior estado de adoptabilidad de una pequeña niña. Asimismo, ordenó a los medios de comunicación gráfica, radial y televisiva a abstenerse de realizar publicaciones y/o manifestaciones de la vida y/o identificación de la niña en cuestión. Al respecto enfatizó que la ley 26061 consagra el derecho a la intimidad en la familia, no pudiendo ser objeto de injerencias arbitrarias, prohibiendo exponer, difundir o divulgar datos, informaciones o imágenes que permitan identificar directa o indirectamente a niños, niñas o adolescentes a través de cualquier medio de comunicación o publicación, en contra de sus representantes legales cuando se lesione su dignidad. Al mismo tiempo destacó que cuando la afectación de los derechos personalísimos de una persona, en este caso particular de una pequeña niña, deriva de la divulgación de imágenes por un medio de prensa, la importancia del concepto de “daños”, el principio de reparación integral y hasta el cese preventivo de la difusión resulta imprescindible delimitar el derecho de prensa. Habrá que realizar una evaluación de razonabilidad y ponderar los resultados disvaliosos producidos. Señaló a su vez que en ciertas oportunidades circulan discursos sobre los niños institucionalizados y los procesos de adopción, sin atender a las particularidades ni circunstancias propias de cada situación, tanto desde el lugar de los niños como desde el lugar de los adultos, quienes, a pesar de querer, no siempre son idóneos para incorporar niños en el seno de sus constelaciones familiares.
Juzg. 1a. Civ. de Personas y Fam. Tartagal, Salta. 29/11/16. Expte. Nº: s/d.“P., J.A. c/ P., J.I. Por declaración judicial de abandono y consecuente estado de adoptabilidad”
Tartagal, Salta, 29 de noviembre de 2016
Y VISTOS:
Estos autos caratulados: (…), puestos para resolver; de los que:
CONSIDERANDO:
I. Que habiendo constatado que la Sra. P. realizó diversas publicaciones en torno a la intimidad de la niña, así como también exhibió fotografías de la pequeña por todos los medios de comunicación audiovisuales (programas de televisión y radiales) y siendo que por providencia de fs. 496 se la intimó al cierre del grupo abierto de Facebook, “Q…” creado por M.O., hermana de la Sra. J.P., y de abstenerse de publicar fotografías de la pequeña niña como también situaciones de la intimidad. Dada la exposición del caso, la invasión de la intimidad y no habiendo dado cumplimiento la progenitora, amerita disponer medidas urgentes tendientes a evitar la vulneración de los derechos de la menor de edad. II. Es así que ante la transgresión de los derechos de la niña y siendo que de la constatación que se realiza a la red social se puede comprobar que ésta continúa con las publicaciones, contando al momento con alrededor de 196 miembros, y advirtiendo las expresiones distorsionadas que vuelcan los distintos miembros, corresponde disponer medidas tendientes a la protección de la imagen de la niña y de su derecho a la intimidad. Ante tal situación se procedió por Secretaría a extraer capturas de todas las publicaciones, que se adjuntan a la presente previa certificación. De ellas se acredita que no sólo se publicaron fotografías de la pequeña sino también se colocó su nombre completo. La hermana de la progenitora Sra. M.O., publicó en el grupo de Facebook: “…ella es mi hermana J.I.P. y esta es su hija A… (en resguardo no se transcribe su nombre completo, pero la publicación sí lo hace). …no sabemos a quién se la dieron … Pedimos a esa gente que la tiene a ella que por favor nos devuelva a la nena… pedimos a toda la gente que compartan esta publicación y cualquier novedad que tengan de ella y la hayan visto en algún lugar que por favor se comunique a este número…”. En otra publicación de fecha 24 de noviembre a horas 23.30 se public[aron] dos fotografías de la nena con la siguiente inscripción: “ … si alguien la vio o saben quién la tiene por favor comunícate a este número XXX… ”. III. También resulta preciso destacar que la Sra. P., en oportunidad de ofrecer una entrevista al canal local V.T. SRL, dio detalles de la situación jurídica, con nombres y fotografías de su hija, lesionando de esta manera los derechos constitucionales reconocidos por nuestra Carta Magna (art. 75 inc. 22). Es más, su letrado también en conferencia con V.T. SRL comentó que le recomendó a su patrocinada que no publicara ni fotografías ni diera detalles de la vida de la misma, por cuanto se trataba de una menor de edad. De más está decir que no cumplió ni con la intimación que se le cursara, como tampoco de las recomendaciones efectuadas por su patrocinante letrado. Las entrevistas realizadas a la progenitora Sra. P. por ante “E.M.”, programa que se transmite los días miércoles y perteneciente a la empresa V.T., vulnera todos los derechos constitucionales y reconocidos en los Tratados Internacionales de la niña. No tuvieron la precaución de pixelar las imágenes de la pequeña, quebrantando ciertamente su derecho a la intimidad. La progenitora no ha podido proteger a su hija y continúa desprotegiéndola. La Sra. P. ha dado entrevistas y ha mostrado las imágenes de la niña a cuanto medio radial pudo. No ha cuidado ni ha resguardado el uso de la imagen. La fotografía ha quedado exhibida en las rejas de ingreso a la Ciudad Judicial. IV. Resulta indudable el importante rol que ejercen los medios de comunicación audiovisual en la construcción sólida de una sociedad. Y también resulta trascendente la difusión y concientización sobre vulnerabilidad infantil y violencia de género. Sin embargo, en algunas oportunidades circulan discursos sobre los niños institucionalizados y de los procesos de adopción, sin atender a las particularidades ni circunstancias propias de cada situación, tanto desde el lugar de los niños como desde el lugar de los adultos, quienes, a pesar de querer, no siempre son idóneos para incorporar niños en el seno de sus constelaciones familiares. Es así que cuando la afectación de los derechos personalísimos de una persona –en este caso particular, de una pequeña niña– deriva de la divulgación de imágenes por un medio de prensa, la importancia del concepto de “daños”, el principio de reparación integral y hasta el cese preventivo de la difusión, resulta imprescindible delimitar el derecho de prensa. Habrá que realizar una evaluación de razonabilidad y ponderar los resultados disvaliosos producidos. En estas condiciones el nuevo Código Civil y Comercial brinda herramientas eficaces para evitar la ocurrencia o agravamiento de daños, sin que ello importe un accionar inquisitivo o censurador; es tan sólo una adecuada función preventiva. De allí que el art. 708 del CCC delinea uno de los principios que rigen en los procesos de familia, cual es el principio de reserva, comúnmente denominado de acceso limitado al expediente, íntimamente relacionado con el art. 19 de la Constitución Nacional. De manera tal que la protección de aspectos esenciales que hacen a la vida privada de las personas debe preservarse para sí o para los suyos, sustrayéndola del conocimiento público. De esto se trata la presente resolución. La ley 26061 consagra el derecho a la intimidad en la familia, no pudiendo ser objeto de injerencias arbitrarias, prohibiendo exponer, difundir o divulgar datos, informaciones o imágenes que permitan identificar directa o indirectamente a niños, niñas o adolescentes a través de cualquier medio de comunicación o publicación en contra de sus representantes legales cuando se lesione su dignidad. Resulta apropiado mencionar que la prensa no debe convertirse en una nueva instancia para revisar las actuaciones en materia de familia. Los periodistas deben medir el impacto que sus opiniones provocan en el público, sin tener el debido conocimiento de las actuaciones, imprescindibles para emitir opinión. Los niños deben ser preservados, aun de sus propios padres, cuando se intenta difundir información que hace a su vida personal e intimidad familiar. (Revista de Derecho de Familia Nº 76). V. Por todo lo anteriormente explicitado, corresponde ordenar a la empresa F. A. SRL con domicilio en Av…, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, al cierre inmediato del grupo abierto “Q…” por cuanto se trata de una pequeña niña que ha sido otorgada en Guarda con fines de adopción. Y que la presente intimación lo sea bajo apercibimiento de desobediencia judicial y de girar las actuaciones al Fiscal Penal que por turno corresponda. Así también ordenar a la empresa de cable V.T. SRL y/o medios de comunicación radial-gráficos a abstenerse de realizar publicaciones y/o fotografías de la niña que permitan su identificación y/o mención de su nombre y apellido, bajo apercibimiento de imponerse astreintes. Los que de producirse el incumplimiento se determinarán, lo que así dispongo.
Por todo ello, y lo dispuesto por los arts. 16 de la ley 25763, art. 3, 10, ley 26061, art. 3, 16 y cc de CDN, art. 19, 75 de la CN; art. 232, CPCC:
RESUELVO: I) Ordenar a la empresa F. A. SRL el inmediato cierre de la página y/o grupo abierto denominado “Q…” bajo apercibimiento de desobediencia judicial, y de girar las actuaciones al Fiscal Penal que por turno corresponda, todo conforme a considerandos. II) Ordenar al canal de cable V. T SRL a abstenerse de la publicación de imágenes, detalles de la vida y/o identificación de la menor de edad, bajo apercibimiento de imponerse astreintes. III) Ordenar a todos los medios de comunicación gráfica, radial y televisiva a abstenerse de realizar publicaciones y/o manifestaciones de la vida y/o identificación de la niña sujeto de autos, conforme a considerandos. IV) Sin costas por la materia de pronunciamiento.
Claudia Viviana Yance
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