CSJN: se dejó sin efecto un decisorio que rechazó por extemporáneo un recurso administrativo

Ramos Martínez, Gustavo Antonio c/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba s/Recurso Directo, Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación, 24-05-2016.

SÍNTESIS. La Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación dejó sin efecto la sentencia que rechazó por extemporáneo un recurso administrativo en lo términos de la Ley de Educación Superior, que había sido deducido por un docente que cuestionó una resolución que lo apartaba de un concurso, en tanto el artículo 76 del decreto reglamentario de la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo dispone que si a los efectos de articular un recurso administrativo la parte interesada necesitare tomar vista de las actuaciones, quedará suspendido el plazo para recurrir durante el tiempo que se le conceda al efecto, y siendo que la presentación de un pedido de vista suspende el curso de los plazos. Al propio tiempo se destaca que decisión de la instancia anterior de omitir examinar, a los efectos de determinar la tempestividad del recurso, la solicitud de vista de las actuaciones formulada por el recurrente en la instancia administrativa, e invocada oportunamente por aquel al momento de interponer el recurso, aparece como desprovista de fundamento en el texto legal que rige el caso.

Texto completo del fallo.

Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación, 24 de mayo de 2016.

Considerando:

1) Que la Sala B de la Cámara Federal de Apelaciones de Córdoba, rechazó, por extemporáneo, el recurso interpuesto por Gustavo Antonio Ramos Martinez en los términos del artículo 32 de la Ley Nº 24.521, con el objeto de que se declare la nulidad de la resolución 170/2008 del Consejo Directivo de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, por la cual se lo excluye del orden de mérito de un concurso docente, y de la resolución 1327/2010 del Consejo Superior de la Universidad que desestimó el recurso jerárquico deducido contra la primera resolución.

Contra esta decisión, el actor interpuso recurso extraordinario, que fue concedido.

2) Que para así decidir, la cámara consideró que debido a que el artículo 32 de la Ley Nº 24.521, que establece el recurso judicial directo para impugnar las resoluciones definitivas de las instituciones universitarias, no contempla plazo para su deducción, correspondía aplicar supletoriamente el término de treinta días previsto en el artículo 25, última parte de la Ley Nº 19.549, Y en consecuencia, desestimar el recurso planteado en -1- autos, por haber sido interpuesto con posterioridad al vencimiento de dicho plazo.

3) Que el recurrente se agravia por considerar que el tribunal omitió ponderar -al momento de computar el plazo del recurso-, que su parte había realizado un pedido de vista de las actuaciones administrativas que, de conformidad con lo establecido en él art. 76 del Decreto Nº 1759/1972, suspende los plazos para interponer el recurso judicial, por lo que su presentación había sido realizada en tiempo y forma.

4) Que si bien los agravios expuestos por el recurrente remiten al examen de cuestiones de índole procesal que, en principio, resultan ajenas a la instancia extraordinaria, corresponde apartarse de dicha regla sobre la base de la doctrina de la arbitrariedad de sentencias cuando -como en el caso-, la decisión no constituye una derivación razonada del derecho vigente, verificándose así un menoscabo de la garantía de defensa en juicio (Fallos: 317:387; 331:2077).

5) Que, en efecto, el art. 76 del decreto reglamentario de la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo dispone que:

«Si a los efectos de articular un recurso administrativo la parte interesada necesitare tomar vista de las actuaciones, quedará suspendido el plazo para recurrir durante el tiempo que se le conceda al efecto, en base a lo dispuesto por el art. 1, inciso e), apartados 4 y 5, de la ley de procedimientos administrativos. La mera presentación de un, pedido de vista, suspende el curso de los plazos, sin perjuicio de la suspensión que cause el otorgamiento de la vista. En igual forma a lo estipulado en el párrafo anterior se suspenderán los plazos previstos en el articulo 25 de la ley de procedimientos administrativos».

En tales condiciones, la decisión de la cámara de omitir examinar, a los efectos de determinar la tempestividad del recurso, la solicitud de vista de las actuaciones formulada por el recurrente en la instancia administrativa, e invocada oportunamente por aquel al momento de interponer el recurso, aparece como desprovista de fundamento en el texto legal que rige el caso.

6) Que, por consiguiente, toda vez que lo resuelto impide al actor obtener la revisión judicial del acto que considera lesivo de sus intereses, e implica una restricción a su derecho a acceder a la. justicia, cabe concluir en que media una relación directa e inmediata entre lo resuelto y las garantías constitucionales que se invocan como vulneradas, razón por la cual corresponde descalificar el pronunciamiento impugnado con arreglo a la doctrina de esta Corte sobre arbitrariedad de sentencias.

Por ello, se declara procedente el recurso extraordinario y se deja sin efecto la sentencia apelada. Con costas. Vuelvan los al tribunal de origen para que, por quien corresponda, se dicte un nuevo pronunciamiento con arreglo al presente. Notifíquese y  oportunamente devuélvase.

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