El Nuremberg Argentino… A treinta y un años del inicio al juicio a las juntas militares.

– Por el Dr. Pittier, Lautaro Ezequiel –

El ‘Nüremberg’ argentino, apelativo con el que se alude a aquel proceso, fue una de las primeras decisiones del presidente Raúl Alfonsín para iniciar la andadura de una joven democracia que recién comenzaba a gatear. Se realizó además respetando el principio de juez natural. Los juicios de Nüremberg fueron realizados por la Justicia militar de las naciones victoriosas y la Alemania de ese momento era una nación derrotada y ocupada por cuatro potencias extranjeras.

El juicio a las juntas, por un lado, constituye la piedra angular de la transición democrática argentina, pues permitió que ésta se edificara sobre las reglas del Estado de Derecho, a través de un proceso en el que se aplicó la ley a los más poderosos por la comisión de crímenes atroces, que usualmente quedaban en la impunidad. Por el otro, es un símbolo de la inacabada lucha por los derechos humanos, que hoy se traducen en el derecho a una vida digna.

El resultado del juicio fueron las condenas a reclusión perpetua para Videla, a prisión perpetua para Massera, a 17 años para Viola, a ocho años para Lambruschini y a cuatro años y medio para Agosti. Los delitos que los llevaron al banquillo y las sentencias fueron homicidio agravado por alevosía, privación ilegítima de la libertad agravada por amenazas y violencias, tormentos seguidos de muerte y robo.

El más conocido de los procesos por crímenes de guerra celebrado después de terminar la Segunda Guerra Mundial fue el juicio a los grandes criminales de guerra alemanes que tuvo lugar en Nuremberg, Alemania.

Los jefes del régimen nazi fueron juzgados ante el Tribunal Militar Internacional (TMI) en Nuremberg, compuesto de jueces de Gran Bretaña, Francia, la Unión Soviética, y los Estados Unidos. Este Tribunal juzgó a veintidós alemanes como principales criminales de guerra por conspiración, crímenes contra la paz, crímenes de guerra, y crímenes contra la humanidad.

Se celebraron más de doce juicios en la ciudad alemana de Nuremberg contra más de ciento ochenta acusados de cometer crímenes de ese tipo.

Ante la abrumadora evidencia de violencia sistemática, brutalidad y terrorismo llevados a cabo por el gobierno alemán en los territorios ocupados por sus ejércitos, casi todos los acusados fueron condenados.

Los principios establecidos en los juicios de Nuremberg se ajustaron a los fundamentos de las Declaraciones de Derechos Humanos y supusieron un importante avance en el derecho internacional.

En la percepción pública, parece que el significado histórico del proceso de Nuremberg está relacionado, más que todo, con el último de estos puntos: el cierre definitivo – real y simbólico – de una etapa histórica. En esta perspectiva, el juicio era, para los nazis, la continuación de la derrota militar en el escenario de la justicia.

Lamentablemente estas atrocidades y crímenes contra la humanidad también fueron perpetrados en nuestro suelo escribiendo las páginas más oscuras de nuestra historia.  Aquí, además se celebro un juicio con características diferentes pero en el cual fue de gran utilidad aquella experiencia.

La historia de esos juicios es la crónica de un logro maravilloso de la Argentina, una proeza civil de cuya consecución muy pocos estaban persuadidos, incluso dentro del propio gobierno del presidente Alfonsín.

Esa hazaña no ha sido adecuadamente reconocida por la sociedad argentina. Incluso en ámbitos internacionales, tiene escaso peso específico la dimensión histórica excepcional de los juicios argentinos a las juntas militares, aunque en los medios jurídicos extranjeros la sentencia firmada por los jueces de la Cámara Federal es hoy venerada como materia obligatoria de referencia. Nadie en el mundo hizo tanto, tan rápido y de manera tan contundente. Los veredictos de 1985, cuando en Chile y Brasil gobernaban los militares, en Sudáfrica reinaba el apartheid, Ronald Reagan y Margaret Thatcher eran los líderes indiscutidos de Occidente y el llamado “campo socialista” gozaba aún de agónica vida, son una colosal desmesura argentina.

Como suele suceder, es una hazaña poco conocida y mezquinamente asumida. Pero no sólo se necesitó de un presidente como Alfonsín para hacerla viable. Los artesanos individuales de esa fantástica afirmación del principio de la justicia y la consecuente derrota de la noción de impunidad fueron magistrados de la carrera judicial, hombres comunes con vidas parecidas y diferentes, pero a los que el azar impulsó a tener que proyectarse como seres extraordinarios.

Esta es la parte más estremecedora de esta historia, la de seis jueces que, con el aporte decisivo de un fiscal excepcional y de una pequeña patrulla de seres indispensables que buscaron y recogieron las pruebas, sistematizaron los datos y averiguaron en los pliegues más tenebrosos del horror para que se supiera la verdad, hicieron lo que tenían que hacer. Es una historia de gente común, argentinos a los que nadie reconocería en el subte, personas que a la hora de priorizar los valores optaron por la decencia y allí se abroquelaron.

Este es un humilde homenaje a esas personas que trabajaron para que la cruda y oscura verdad saliera a la luz. En el juicio se ventilaron 231 casos paradigmáticos que mostraban el descenso al infierno de toda la condición humana.

 “Señores jueces: voy a concluir con una frase que no me pertenece, porque pertenece ya a todo el pueblo argentino: Nunca más», dijo antes que la sala estallara en aplausos, llantos y vivas.

La frase, que inmortalizó Strassera, efectivamente no le pertenecía ya que era título del documento final de la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas (Conadep).

Recordar estos tremendos horrores, recrear y estudiar estos juicios no sólo resulta importante desde lo técnico- jurídico sino que contribuye a crear conciencia de la enorme magnitud de estos crímenes que tanto daño causaron a la humanidad.


Referencias del autor

Abogado. Director de Asuntos Jurídicos de la Facultad de Derecho en la Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora (UNLZ). Docente de la Facultad de Derecho y de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas en la UNLZ. Ex abogado Dictaminante Especializado en la Dirección de Asuntos Jurídicos del Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Productiva de la Nación.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UN8vM2YHZ8

45 comentarios de “El Nuremberg Argentino… A treinta y un años del inicio al juicio a las juntas militares.

  1. I simply want to mention I am all new to blogs and actually enjoyed your web blog. More than likely I’m want to bookmark your website . You actually come with remarkable articles. Kudos for sharing with us your website.

  2. The new Zune browser is astonishingly positive, yet not as Terrific as the iPod’s. It works very well, nonetheless just isn’t as immediate as Safari, and is made up of a clunkier interface. If yourself from time to time plan upon utilizing the net browser which is not an issue, yet if you happen to be coming up with in the direction of go through the web alot against your PMP then the iPod’s larger sized screen and greater browser may possibly be important.

  3. Among me and my spouse we have owned even more MP3 gamers in excess of the several years than I can depend, which includes Sansas, iRivers, iPods (classic & touch), the Ibiza Rhapsody, and so on. But, the final number of decades I have resolved down in the direction of just one line of players. Why? Given that I was content towards take a look at how well-designed and pleasurable in direction of use the underappreciated (and widely mocked) Zunes are.

  4. I’m often to blogging and i seriously appreciate your content. The post has genuinely peaks my interest. I am going to bookmark your website and keep checking for new facts.

  5. Are you tired of your ac repair in Dubai? Are you looking for Certified Professionals to carry out your ac repair with improved facilities and in an expert way?. Hot and humid conditions are not easy to tolerate, especially when you are not used to them. But, thanks to the air conditioners – living in such extreme settings can also become a pleasant experience, and more so if you are in Dubai.

  6. I got what you mean , appreciate it for putting up.Woh I am thankful to find this website through google. «Food is the most primitive form of comfort.» by Sheila Graham.

  7. I just could not leave your web site prior to suggesting that I extremely enjoyed the standard info a person provide for your guests? Is gonna be back steadily to investigate cross-check new posts

  8. Apple now incorporates Rhapsody as an application, which is a superior start, still it is at this time hampered via the incapacity in direction of retail outlet regionally on your iPod, and has a dismal 64kbps bit selling price. If this improvements, then it will considerably negate this comfort for the Zune, nonetheless the 10 audio for each month will even now be a substantial in addition in just Zune Pass’ favor.

  9. Palms down, Apple’s app retail store wins by way of a mile. It is really a massive conclusion of all styles of applications vs a fairly unsatisfied selection of a handful for Zune. Microsoft incorporates Strategies, specifically in just the realm of online games, yet I am not certainly I might need to have in direction of bet on the future if this aspect is significant toward by yourself. The iPod is a much superior choice inside that situation.

  10. Many thanks for writing this, I saved this site. I am furthermore searching for material on carpet and sofa cleaning, are you aware exactly where I might find something such as that? I’ll return soon!

  11. Greetings from Florida! I’m bored at work so I decided to check out your website on my iphone during lunch break. I love the information you present here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m shocked at how fast your blog loaded on my cell phone .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, superb blog!

  12. If you’re however upon the fence: get your favored earphones, head down in direction of a Most straightforward Acquire and talk to to plug them into a Zune then an iPod and view which one particular appears much better to your self, and which interface helps make on your own smile even further. Then you will realize which is straight for you.

  13. Greetings! This is my very first reply here so I really wanted to say a quick hello and say I genuinely enjoy reading through your articles. Can you suggest any other sites which go over excel training online? I am likewise highly keen on that thing! Thanks a lot!

  14. Hi I am so thrilled I came across this blog, I basically encountered you by accident, when I was researching on Bing for guest house plans. Anyhow I’m here now and would just love to say thanks a lot for a tremendous write-up and the all-round fun site (I too like the design), I do not have time to look over it completely at the moment though I have saved it and even included your RSS feed, so once I have time I will be returning to look over more. Please do continue the great work.

  15. Thanks for writing this awesome article. I’m a long time reader but I’ve never been compelled to leave a comment. I subscribed to your blog and shared this on my Facebook. Thanks again for a great article!

  16. The fresh Zune browser is amazingly very good, nevertheless not as optimistic as the iPod’s. It will work properly, still is not as immediate as Safari, and is made up of a clunkier interface. If yourself often software upon having the website browser that’s not an issue, yet if you are building towards study the net alot in opposition to your PMP then the iPod’s much larger show and improved browser may perhaps be essential.

  17. Sorry for the massive study, nonetheless I am seriously loving the fresh new Zune, and assume this, as very well as the Fantastic testimonials some other people today consist of prepared, will assistance on your own make a decision if it is the specifically option for by yourself.

  18. This is turning into a bit extra subjective, yet I considerably like the Zune Industry. The interface is colourful, contains a lot more flair, and some awesome attributes like ‘Mixview’ that allow your self out of the blue check out related albums, music, or other end users comparable in direction of what you happen to be listening in direction of. Clicking on just one of those will middle upon that item, and an additional set of «neighbors» will come into impression, allowing for oneself in the direction of navigate near exploring via related artists, audio, or people. Chatting of customers, the Zune «Social» is in addition suitable enjoyment, allowing on your own obtain others with shared choices and becoming buddies with them. Your self then can pay attention in the direction of a playlist crafted dependent upon an amalgamation of what all your mates are listening towards, which is too enjoyable. All those fearful with privateness will be relieved to understand you can keep away from the general public from watching your specific listening patterns if on your own as a result make a decision.

  19. I will equipment this critique toward Two layouts of persons: present Zune house owners who are thinking about an enhance, and men and women attempting in the direction of come to a decision in between a Zune and an iPod. (There are other gamers worthy of looking at out there, like the Sony Walkman X, nevertheless I be expecting this delivers your self sufficient information to make an aware preference of the Zune vs avid gamers other than the iPod line as well.)

  20. Thanks for publishing this awesome article. I’m a long time reader but I’ve never been compelled to leave a comment. I subscribed to your blog and shared this on my Facebook. Thanks again for a great post!

  21. I will equipment this assessment in the direction of Two patterns of people today: recent Zune householders who are looking at an upgrade, and persons trying towards decide in between a Zune and an iPod. (There are other gamers well worth considering out there, which includes the Sony Walkman X, yet I hope this provides on your own adequate information and facts toward create an aware decision of the Zune vs players other than the iPod line as perfectly.)

  22. The fresh new Zune browser is astonishingly Terrific, but not as Terrific as the iPod’s. It works well, nevertheless isn’t as immediate as Safari, and incorporates a clunkier interface. If you at times application on working with the world wide web browser which is not an issue, however if you happen to be designing toward examine the website alot towards your PMP then the iPod’s greater display and greater browser could be important.

  23. Apple at present incorporates Rhapsody as an application, which is a outstanding start, still it is at the moment hampered through the incapacity to retail store regionally upon your iPod, and incorporates a dismal 64kbps little bit rate. If this variations, then it will to some degree negate this benefit for the Zune, still the 10 music per thirty day period will however be a huge furthermore within Zune Pass’ choose.

  24. Among me and my spouse we’ve owned excess MP3 avid gamers around the a long time than I can rely, like Sansas, iRivers, iPods (classic & touch), the Ibiza Rhapsody, etc. But, the final number of years I have resolved down to a single line of players. Why? Mainly because I was content toward examine how well-designed and enjoyment to employ the underappreciated (and extensively mocked) Zunes are.

  25. Apple previously includes Rhapsody as an app, which is a superior commence, yet it is already hampered through the inability in the direction of retailer locally on your iPod, and includes a dismal 64kbps bit selling price. If this modifications, then it will somewhat negate this ease for the Zune, still the Ten songs per month will even now be a large plus inside of Zune Pass’ favor.

  26. Palms down, Apple’s app retail outlet wins through a mile. It really is a huge decision of all varieties of applications vs a as an alternative disappointed number of a handful for Zune. Microsoft has Options, primarily inside the realm of online games, yet I am not indeed I’d require in the direction of bet upon the future if this feature is vital toward you. The iPod is a significantly greater option in that circumstance.

  27. I and my guys ended up checking the excellent pointers found on your web page and so before long I had a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to you for those strategies. Most of the boys happened to be for this reason excited to read them and have in actuality been loving those things. Thank you for really being so considerate as well as for figuring out certain helpful subject areas most people are really needing to learn about. Our sincere apologies for not expressing appreciation to you earlier.

  28. The refreshing Zune browser is astonishingly positive, however not as beneficial as the iPod’s. It is effective very well, still just isn’t as quick as Safari, and has a clunkier interface. If yourself often application upon having the net browser that is not an issue, nevertheless if you are designing to go through the world wide web alot against your PMP then the iPod’s much larger show and superior browser could be essential.

  29. Hello there, you are definitely right. I always read through your articles thoroughly. I’m also thinking about NYC summon, maybe you might write about that from time to time. Good day.

  30. I’ve recently started a blog, the information you offer on this website has helped me tremendously. Thanks for all of your time & work.

  31. Thanks for publishing this awesome article. I’m a long time reader but I’ve never been compelled to leave a comment. I subscribed to your blog and shared this on my Twitter. Thanks again for a great article!

  32. I’ll right away grab your rss feed as I can’t to find your e-mail subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you have any? Kindly allow me realize so that I may just subscribe. Thanks.

  33. I simply need to advise you that I am new to blog posting and thoroughly admired your write-up. Likely I am prone to save your blog post . You certainly have excellent article content. Delight In it for share-out with us your main blog write-up

  34. Thank you for posting this awesome article. I’m a long time reader but I’ve never been compelled to leave a comment. I subscribed to your blog and shared this on my Facebook. Thanks again for a great post!

Los comentarios han sido cerrados.