Extinción del Contrato de Trabajo. Indemnización por despido. Convenios Colectivos de Trabajo. Diferencias salariales.
SÍNTESIS. La Sala I de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones del Trabajo hizo lugar al recurso interpuesto por el trabajador contra la sentencia que rechazó su pretensión de cobrar diferencias salariales provenientes del pago de la indemnización por despido que percibió luego de la extinción del vínculo laboral con la demandada, en tanto si bien al momento de la extinción del vínculo, el incremento establecido por acuerdo colectivo celebrado en el marco del CCT Nº 18/75, que dispuso un 24,5% de aumento salarial para todos los trabajadores bancarios, no había sido otorgado aún y en consecuencia la indemnización por despido no lo contempló, sí corresponde que tales diferencias le sean abonadas al actor en tanto que dicho aumento abarcó los salarios percibidos a partir del 01/04/2012, fecha en la que éste todavía se encontraba prestando tareas como dependiente.
Luna G. Martin c/Banco Columbia SA s/Despido, Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones del Trabajo, Sala I, 10-04-2015.
Fallo completo
Buenos Aires, 10 de Abril de 2015.-
La Dra. Graciela A. González dijo:
I.- El señor Juez de primera instancia rechazó la demanda orientada al cobro de diferencias salariales provenientes del pago de la indemnización por despido que percibió el trabajador luego de la extinción del vínculo laboral.
Asimismo, desestimó el reclamo del incremento previsto por el art. 80 de la LCT.
II.- Tal decisión es apelada por la parte actora a tenor de las manifestaciones vertidas en la memoria de fs. 174/176. Por su parte, a fs. 173, la perito contadora objeta la regulación de sus honorarios por estimarla reducida.
El apelante sostiene en estos autos que la indemnización que percibió de la accionada luego del despido ocurrido el 12.04.2012, no fue ajustada a derecho pues la misma no comprendió el aumento salarial otorgado a partir del 01.04.2012 por acuerdo colectivo del 17.05.2012 , homologado el 21.06.2012.
Asimismo, objeta el rechazo del recargo previsto por el art. 80 de la LCT.
De prosperar la solución que propongo el primero de los planteos tendrá favorable recepción.
En efecto, considero que corresponde hacer lugar a las diferencias salariales generadas por el incremento salarial dispuesto por acuerdo colectivo celebrado en el marco del CCT 18/75 que dispuso un 24,5% de aumento salarial para todos los trabajadores bancarios a partir del 01.04.2012 (ver informativa de fs. 116/130). Si bien al momento de la extinción del vínculo, dicho incremento no había sido otorgado aún y la indemnización por despido lógicamente no lo contempló, corresponde que tales diferencias le sean abonadas pues dicho aumento abarcó los salarios percibidos a partir del 01.04.2012, cuando Luna aún se encontraba prestando tareas como dependiente, independientemente de que el vínculo se extinguiera antes de la celebración de dicho acuerdo colectivo. Asimismo, comparto los lineamientos seguidos por esta Cámara sentados a partir de la doctrina plenaria nro. 71 del 21.06.1961 recaída en los autos caratulados “Mazza Albino y otros c/La Agraria Cía. de Seguros” en la cual se estableció que los aumentos de salario con efecto retroactivo que establecen las convenciones colectivas beneficiarán también a los trabajadores que se hubieran desempeñado durante el lapso comprendido en la retroactividad y no se encuentren vinculados a la principal a la fecha de la convención.
Al respecto, señalo que la derogación de los arts. 302 y 303 del C.P.C.C.N. por parte del art. 12 de la Ley Nº 26.853 no resulta aún operativa a tenor de lo dispuesto por el art. 15 de dicha ley, de manera que deberían considerarse ultractivos y, por ende, vigentes las doctrinas plenarias sentadas por esta Cámara y con efecto obligatorio (entre otras, Sala II, SD 101.981 en autos “Benavente, María Isabel c/Consolidar ART SA. y otros s/despido”).
Sin perjuicio de ello, y aún si se considerase que la nueva normativa implicara la pérdida de vigencia de los Acuerdos Plenarios existentes, esta Sala considera que razones de previsibilidad jurídica imponen seguir los criterios uniformadores derivados de las doctrinas sentadas por esta Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones del Trabajo, prestigioso cuerpo especializado en forma potestativa.
Por ello, considero que corresponde reconocer el derecho del accionante al cobro de las diferencias salariales reclamadas.
IV.- Distinta suerte correrá el planteo formulado por el rechazo del recargo previsto por el art. 80 de la LCT. Si bien la parte actora acompañó a fs. 40 un telegrama de fecha 24.05.2012 por el cual intimaba entre otras cosas, a la demandada a la entrega de los certificados de trabajo y aportes y remuneraciones, observo que omitió producir prueba informativa al correo a fin de verificar la autenticidad de dicha pieza postal. Por otro lado, la demandada acompañó dichas constancias documentales a fs. 13/21, de la cual surge como fecha de certificación bancaria la del 13.04.2012, y del 10.5.2012 (fs.21) es decir, contemporáneamente con el despido. Si bien el accionante manifestó que concurrió a la empresa y los certificados no le fueron entregados, lo cierto es que no ha quedado probada tal circunstancia (art. 386 C.P.C.C.N.), por lo cual, dado que los mismos han sido acompañados en autos, tengo por cumplimentada la obligación del empleador prevista en el art. 80 de la LCT. Por ello, corresponde confirmar la decisión de grado sobre el particular.
V.- Por lo hasta aquí dicho, corresponde recalcular las partidas indemnizatorias que fueran abonadas oportunamente al trabajador, teniendo en cuenta el incremento salarial dispuesto para el sector, y los cálculos efectuados por la perito contadora a fs. 102. De esta manera se arriba a un capital total de: $199.938,02.- al que se le deberá descontar lo abonado por la demandada (fs. 39 – $166.958,67.-), por lo que el monto de condena se fija en $32.979,41.- a la que accederán intereses desde la fecha del despido de acuerdo a lo previsto por la Resolución de CNAT 2601/14 de fecha 21.05.2014 de conformidad con la tasa nominal anual para préstamos libre destino del Banco Nación para un plazo de 49 a 60 meses.
VI.- A influjo de lo normado por el art. 279 C.P.C.C.N.., corresponde emitir un nuevo pronunciamiento en materia de costas y honorarios. De esta manera, propicio que las costas de ambas instancias corran a cargo de la demandada, en su carácter de vencida en lo principal del reclamo (art. 68 C.P.C.C.N.). Asimismo, en atención al mérito y calidad de los trabajos realizados en Primera Instancia, valor económico del juicio, rubros que resultaron procedentes, resultado final del pleito, propongo regular los honorarios de la representación letrada del actor, demandada y perito contadora en el 18%, 14% y 8%, respectivamente sobre el monto de condena, incluido capital más intereses (art.38 LO y art. 14 de la Ley Nº 21.839).
Por último, sugiero regular los honorarios de los Señores letrados firmantes de los escritos dirigidos a esta Cámara en el 25% y 25%, a calcular sobre lo que a cada uno de ellos le corresponda percibir por su actuación en la anterior etapa (art.38 LO y art.14 de la Ley Nº 21.839).
VII.- Por lo expuesto, de compartirse mi propuesta, correspondería: 1) Revocar la decisión recurrida, hacer lugar a la demanda y condena a Banco Columbia SA a abonar al sr. Gustavo Martín Luna, dentro del quinto día de aprobada la etapa prevista por el art. 132 L.O., la suma de $32.979,41.- a la que accederán los intereses desde la fecha del despido de acuerdo a lo previsto por la Resolución de CNAT 2601/14 de fecha 21.05.2014; 2) Dejar sin efecto lo resuelto en materia de costas y honorarios (art. 279 C.P.C.C.N.); 3) Imponer las costas de ambas instancias a la demandada vencida en lo principal (art. 68 C.P.C.C.N.); 4) Regular los honorarios de la representación letrada del actor, demandada y perito contadora en el 18%, 14% y 8%, respectivamente sobre el monto de condena, incluido capital más intereses; 5) Regular los honorarios de los letrados firmantes de los escritos dirigidos a esta Cámara en el 25% y 25%, a calcular sobre lo que a cada uno de ellos le corresponda percibir por su actuación en la anterior etapa.
La Dra. Gloria M. Pasten de Ishihara dijo:
Que adhiere al voto que antecede por compartir sus fundamentos.
A mérito de lo que resulta del precedente acuerdo, SE RESUELVE: 1) Revocar la decisión recurrida, hacer lugar a la demanda y condena a Banco Columbia SA a abonar al sr. Gustavo Martín Luna, dentro del quinto día de aprobada la etapa prevista por el art. 132 L.O., la suma de $32.979,41.- a la que accederán los intereses desde la fecha del despido de acuerdo a lo previsto por la Resolución de CNAT 2601/14 de fecha 21.05.2014; 2) Dejar sin efecto lo resuelto en materia de costas y honorarios (art. 279 C.P.C.C.N.); 3) Imponer las costas de ambas instancias a la demandada vencida en lo principal (art. 68 C.P.C.C.N.); 4) Regular los honorarios de la representación letrada del actor, demandada y perito contadora en el 18%, 14% y 8%, respectivamente sobre el monto de condena, incluido capital más intereses; 5) Regular los honorarios de los letrados firmantes de los escritos dirigidos a esta Cámara en el 25% y 25%, a calcular sobre lo que a cada uno de ellos le corresponda percibir por su actuación en la anterior etapa.
Regístrese, notifíquese, oportunamente comuníquese (art. 4º, Acordada CSJN Nº 15/13) y devuélvase.
Gloria Pasten de Ishihara – Graciela Gonzalez.
En el plenario Mazza se estableció que los aumentos de salario con efecto retroactivo que establecen las convenciones colectivas beneficiarán también a los trabajadores que se hubieran desempeñado durante el lapso comprendido en la retroactividad y no se encuentren vinculados a la principal a la fecha de la convención.
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