Jurisprudencia de la CSJN: Mensajes agraviantes a través de redes sociales. Reparación de daño. Competencia.

La CSJN se expidió en materia de competencia para la tramitación de las medidas preliminares correspondientes a una causa en la que se intenta la identificación de la persona que habría remitido un mensaje agraviante a la actora a través de una red social, haciendo uso de un perfil falso. Determina que corresponde el análisis de la cuestión debatida al fuero civil, en tanto que el objeto del juicio principal se relaciona con la interpretación de cuestiones del régimen de responsabilidad civil extracontractual. Aclara además, que no es óbice para ello que el presunto ilícito tuvieran lugar en un medio interjurisdiccional, puesto que la actora expone que la medida solicitada no propende a la eliminación ulterior de contenidos que obran en bases de datos de internet sino, exclusivamente, a la reparación del perjuicio padecido.

Bartamian, Margarita Noemí y otros s/ medidas preliminares y de prueba anticipada, CSJN, 27/05/2015.

Fallo completo

Buenos Aires, 27 de mayo de 2015

Autos y Vistos:

De conformidad con lo dictaminado por el señor Procurador Fiscal subrogante, se declara que resulta competente para conocer en las actuaciones el Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Civil n° 29, al que se le remitirán por intermedio de la Sala D de la cámara de apelaciones de dicho fuero. Hágase saber al Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Civil y Comercial Federal n° 4.

Dictamen de la Procuración General de la Nación

SUPREMA CORTE:

I.- Los integrantes de la Sala D de la Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Civil y el titular del Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Civil y Comercial Federal n° 4, discrepan respecto de la competencia para entender en las actuaciones, en las que se solicita la tramitación de medidas preliminares con el fin de identificar a la persona que -bajo un alias- remitió mediante «Facebook» un correo agraviante. Lo anterior, con el objeto de promover una futura acción de daños y peljuicios (fs. 1/3,4/6, 16, 18 y 25).

La alzada civil confirmó el pronunciamiento que dispuso la incompetencia del fuero para entender en la medida preliminar, sobre la base de lo previsto en el articulo 36, inciso b), de la ley 25.326 y de los antecedentes de Fallos: 328:1252 y 330:249 (fs. 4/6,16 Y 18).

A su turno, el juez federal, compartiendo el parecer del fiscal, se opuso a la radicación, argumentando que la medida solicitada está ligada a una acción de daños por la violación de derechos personalísimos, cuestión regida por el derecho civil (Fallos: 332:47 y S.C. Comp. 690,1. XLIV, «Citino», del 03/02/09). En consecuencia, ordenó la elevación del expediente a esa Corte para que resuelva el conflicto (fs. 23/25).

En ese estado, el Tribunal corre vista a esta Procuración General (v. fs. 29).

ll.- Si bien la traba de la contienda exige el conocimiento por parte del órgano que la inició de las razones que informan lo decidido por el otro juez, para que declare si sostiene su posición (cfse. Fallos: 327:6037), y ello no ha ocurrido aqui, razones de economía y celeridad procesal aconsejan, salvo un mejor criterio de la Corte, dejar de lado ese óbice y expedirse sobre la cuestión (doctrina de Fallos: 329:1348; entre otros).

III.- Sentado lo anterior, considero que resulta aplicable al sublite el artículo 6°, inciso 4°, del Código Procesal Civil y Comercial de la Nación, que dispone que en las medidas preliminares y precautorias será juez competente el que deba conocer en el proceso principal (cfse. Fallos: 324:2489; 325:618; 332:1149; entre otros).

Ahora bien, en la tarea de esclarecer el presente conflicto es menester valorar, primariamente, la relación de hechos contenida en la demanda y después, en tanto se ajuste al relato, el derecho citado (v. Fallos: 328:1979; 330:628; entre otros).

En ese cometido, advierto que la actora inicia medidas preliminares dirigidas a determinar la identidad y el domicilio del sujeto a demandar, en el marco de una futura acción por los peIjuicios causados por el envio de correos a través de Facebook en los que -según se alega- fueron proferidas injurias y calumnias acerca de esa parte (fs. 1/3 y 9).

En esos términos, opino que el objeto del juicio principal se relaciona prima Jade con la interpretación de cuestiones vinculadas al régimen de responsabilidad civil extracontractual, materia que -a mi entender-, compromete con influencia decisiva el examen de aspectos propios del derecho común, cuyo abordaje corresponde a ese fuero (cfr. arto 43, inc. b, decreto-ley 1285/1958, y doctr. de Fallos: 332:47).

No es óbice para la solución propiciada que los presuntos ilícitos tuvieran lugar en un medio inteIjurisdiccional, puesto que la actora expone que la medida solicitada no propende a la eliminación ulterior de contenidos que obran en bases de datos de internet sino, exclusivamente, a la reparación del peIjuicio causado (v. S.C. Comp. 106, L. XLIX «Koch», del 16/09/14; y, a contrario sensu, CSJ Comp. 297/2014 (50-C) «Cáceres», del 11/12/14).

IV.- Por lo expuesto, dentro del limitado marco cognoscitivo en el que se deciden estos conflictos, estimo que el proceso debe continuar su trámite por ante el Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Civil nO 29, al que habrá de remitirse a sus efectos.

Buenos Aires, 03 de marzo de 2015.

(Fdo. Marcelo Adrían Sachetta.

Procurador Fiscal ante la CSJN, subrrogante).

Fuente: Infojus

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